February 13, 1903.] 



SCIENCE. 



247 



as new and one species, Timema californi- 

 cuni, first mentioned by Professor Scudder 

 some years ago, is here described for the 

 first time. Four plates are given, illus- 

 trating species of all the genera. 



The Morphology of Clasping Organs in 

 Certain External Parasites: Herbert 

 OsBORN, Ohio State University. 

 The adaptations of parasitic animals 

 afford numerous striking eases of struc- 

 tural specialization, and in this paper cer- 

 tain highlj' modified organs for adherence 

 in Pediculidffi are described and their ho- 

 mologies discussed. In Hwmatopinus urius 

 there is a protractile disk on the distal 

 end of the tibia, which from its position 

 must be applied to the hair opposite the 

 tarsal claw. In Hcematopimis macro- 

 cephalus an organ in the same position 

 has more convex membranous surface, and 

 distinct internal muscles. In both the disk 

 and the spines on its border e^ddently 

 arise from the chitinous wall, but their 

 musculature is problematic. In Euhxma- 

 topinus abnormis the posterior legs are 

 greatly modified, the femur and tibia each 

 with expanded disk, the former opposed 

 to the middle femur and the latter to a 

 special structure in the margin of the ab- 

 domen, both evidently serving to strengthen 

 the grasp on hairs or fur, or to give greater 

 rigidity in position. Other special struc- 

 tures are noted in antennal joints, in ab- 

 dominal brushes, ridged tarsi, etc. 



Description of Four Netu Species of Grass- 

 hoppers, and Notes on Other Orthoptera 

 from Colorado, Texas, Arizona and New 

 Mexico: A. N. Caudell, U. S. National 

 Museiim. To be published in Proc. U. 

 S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXVI., 190.3. 

 This paper treats of more than 150 



species of Orthoptera, mostly collected in 



Colorado during the summer of 1901 by 

 Dr. H. G. Dyar and the writer, though 

 species from the other states mentioned in 

 the title are included. The location and 

 altitude of the various places visited in 

 Colorado are given, and every species taken 

 is listed, if only for the value attached to 

 records of exact locality. Many of the 

 species are represented in considerable 

 numbers and thus present opportunities 

 for studies in variation. Pour new species 

 are described, and two species of Blattidse 

 are recorded for the first time from the 

 United States. One plate is given, com- 

 prising figures of the new species. 



An apparently unrecorded fact regard- 

 ing the large lubber grasshopper of the 

 South, Dictyophorus reticulatus Thun- 

 berg, is noted. Both sexes of this bi-ightly 

 colored insect make a distinct sinimering 

 or bubbling sound when disturbed. This 

 sound was found to proceed from a gland, 

 pi'obably a modified spiracle, opening from 

 the side of the body above and slightly 

 behind the middle coxa. The sound is 

 made by the insect's forcing out very 

 minute bubbles of a clear liquid with suf- 

 ficient force to cause a sound capable of 

 being heard for some distance. Whether 

 this liquid has repelling properties and 

 the resulting sound is purely mechanical, 

 or whether the production of sound is the 

 object of the mechanism, was not deter- 

 mined. The conspicuous warning colors 

 of the insect would rather indicate the 

 former supposition. 



The Colorado collection seems to indi- 

 cate the existence of but three faunal zones 

 in that state instead of four, as indicated 

 by the lepidopterous fauna as pointed out 

 by Dr. Dyar in the Proceedings of the 

 United States National Museum (XXV., 

 369, 1902). The Orthoptera show no dis- 

 tinct indication of a separate faunal zone 

 on the western slope. 



