Febuuary 13, 1903.] 



SCIENCE. 



2G3 



merit and will be valuable for culture 

 north of the present orange belt. 



These two hybrids have fruits about the 

 size of a tangerine orange, varying from 

 two to two and a half inches in diameter. 

 The texture of the pulp is perfect in every 

 respect, the membranes between the seg- 

 ments being tender and the axis very 

 small. They are thin-skinned, very jiiicy 

 and nearly seedless. Unfortunately, how- 

 evei", they are too sour to be eaten out of 

 the hand without sugar. In flavor they 

 are more like lemons or limes than oranges, 

 hxit as a matter of fact they stand alone 

 and are like no other fruit existing. They 

 are new creations in the fullest sense of 

 the term, like Burbank's plumeots. They 

 are neither trifoliate oranges nor ordinary 

 oranges, though in many characteristics 

 they are strikingly intermediate between 

 these two fruits. Neither are they lemons 

 nor limes, though they will more nearly 

 take the place of these fruits than oranges. 

 The new fruits are very aromatic and have 

 a sprightly acid flavor, with a trace of bit- 

 ter, which reminds one of the lime and 

 grape fruit. They make a superior ade 

 which rivals lemon or lime ade. They 

 will probabl.v prove to be valuable also for 

 culinary purposes to use in the place of 

 lemons. The trees resemble the trifoliate 

 orange mainly, though having much larger 

 leaves, and vnll probably prove valuable 

 hedge plants. They are evergreen or 

 semi-evergreen, retaining their leaves the 

 year round in Florida. In more northern 

 localities they will probably lose their 

 leaves in winter. The fruits ripen early 

 and will be gathered before frost. Their 

 hardiness has not yet been thoroughly 

 tested, but j'oung nursery trees have passed 

 through a freeze without losing their leaves 

 or showing any injury, while ordinary 

 oranges beside them were defoliated and 

 twigs the -size of one's finger killed. 



"While the success alreadv obtained is 



far-reaching, even more important results 

 will doubtless be obtained when seeds from 

 these fruits are grown and selections made 

 from among the progeny, as it is weU 

 recognized that the segregation of charac- 

 ters ordinarily takes place in the second 

 generation of a hybrid. 



On the Production of Wart-like Intumes- 

 cences produced by Various Fungicides: 

 Hermann von Schrenk, St. Louis, Mo. 

 Peronospora parasitica appeared in epi- 

 demic form on the cauliflower in a green- 

 house of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 

 The leaves were sprayed with various fun- 

 gicides with and without the addition of 

 glue. As a result of the spraying the 

 lower sides of the leaves became covered 

 with large wart-like growths after several 

 days. These were formed by cells of the 

 palisade parenchyma enormously elon- 

 gated, giving the appearance of cedema- 

 tous cells. The oedematous condition is 

 supposed to have been caused by a stimu- 

 lating action of the copper salts. 



Evolution not the Origin of Species: 0. 

 F. Cook, U. S. Department of Agricul- 

 ture, Washington, D. C. 

 Evolution, or progressive change in the 

 characters of species, is a phenomenon 

 quite distinct from the origination or 

 separation of species, and due to distinct 

 causes. 



Natural selection and other aspects of 

 environmental influence conduce to the 

 segregation of groups of individuals which 

 have then the opportunity to become dif- 

 ferent, but the segregation does not cause 

 the differences, which arise through the 

 accumulation of variations assisted by 

 cross-fertilization. 



Some Experiments in Cell and Nuclear 

 Division: Frank M. Andrews, Indiana 

 University. 

 Experiment I., Influence of Hydrogen. 



— Young staminal haii's of Tradescantia 



