February 20, 1903.J 



SCIENCE. 



297 



from Licking Co., Ohio, to Pike Co., Pa., a 

 distance of over 500 miles. They are ar- 

 ranged in groups with intervals of about 

 100 mile.s. There is an almost continuous 

 thickening to the eastward, which to tlie 

 southeastward increases strongly. Three 

 types of sediment were noted : (1) The red 

 shale and sandstone type, especially found 

 in the eastern end of the section. They 

 are e.stuary deposits with a peculiar fish 

 fauna. (2) The argillaceous shale type 

 with a rich marine fauna. (3) The Black 

 shale type with a depauperated fauna, 

 chiefly western. The faunas shifted with 

 the sediments. 



The paper was discussed by Professor 

 Stevenson and others. 



Paleozoic Coral Reefs, with Notes on the 



Classification of Limestones: Amadeus 



W. Grabau, New York City. 



Dome-like coral reefs have been studied 

 by the speaker in the Paleozoic rocks of 

 western New York, the southern peninsula 

 of Michigan and in southeastern Wiscon- 

 sin. Similar reefs have beeen described by 

 Wj^man from the Silurian of Gotland, and 

 by Dupont from the Carboniferous of Bel- 

 gium. Three types of fragmental lime- 

 stones were discussed and the following 

 terms were defined : calcirudite, calcarcnite 

 and calciiutite, corresponding to psephite, 

 psnmmite and pelite among the siliceous 

 sedimentary' rocks. The desirability of 

 such distinctive names was set forth and 

 examples were given. 



The paper was illustrated by diagrams. 

 It was discussed by Messrs. Chamberlin, 

 Rice, Lane, Fairchild and others. The de- 

 sirability of distinctive names for the types 

 of fragmental limestone was conceded. 



Primitive Characters of the Triassic Ich- 

 thyosaurus: John C. Merriam, Berkeley, 

 Calif. 

 The paper presented a comparative study 



of the Triassic Ichthyosaurus with a view to 



determining the stage of evolution reached 

 in these forms as compared with that seen 

 in the Jurassic representatives of the order. 



The work is based mainly on an exami- 

 nation of collections obtained from the 

 upper Triassic of northern California by 

 the University of California in the summer 

 of 1902. In the material now available the 

 important characters of the dentition, and 

 of the heretofore imperfectly Imown pad- 

 dles, can be determined with certainty. 



The paper was illustrated by nmnerous 

 lantern slides. 



Distriiution of Mastodon Remains in New 

 York: John M. Clarke, Albany, N. Y. 

 Sixty mastodons have been found in New 

 York, mostly along certain well-marked 

 belts, viz., thirty-four in eastern New York 

 from Albany south through Newburgh; 

 thirteen from Rochester south through 

 Livingston County, two near Chautauqua 

 Lake and two near Ithaca. Outside these 

 belts the state is barren. They, therefore, 

 had distinct feeding grounds and that too 

 in a not very remote time. They are now 

 usually found resting on the boulders of 

 old streams and in a comparatively thin 

 layer of peat. 



In discussion A. C. Lane said that in 

 Michigan they are found down to twenty- 

 five feet below the level of the Great 

 Lakes. E. C. Buckley stated that in 

 Wisconsin they occurred in the driftless 

 area and in streams. G. F. Wright said 

 that near Oberlin, Ohio, they are found 

 in peat, between the second and third 

 beaches of Lake Erie. The question was 

 raised as to the presence of the mam- 

 moth in New York, and it was shown that 

 no specimen had yet been discovered. 

 When, therefore. President Roosevelt, at 

 the time Governor of New York, urged 

 that the mammoth should appear on its 

 coat of arms, it was evident that although 



