564 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XVII. No. 432. 



interdependent, a science, such as physiol- 

 ogy, for example, obliterating the distinc- 

 tions. 



On the whole we may expect to secure 

 the best classification as the result of an 

 inductive study of scientific men. Classi- 

 fications have, as a matter of fact, resulted 

 from natural selection in the development 

 of scientific courses of instruction, books, 

 journals, bibliographies, societies and the 

 like. I have made compilations of this 

 character, which enter too much into detail 



stood as intended to assign separate plots 

 to the sciences, but rather to show their 

 complex interdependence and to indicate 

 some of the classifications that can be made. 

 Mathematics, both in its methods and in its 

 relations to the other sciences, occupies a 

 unique position, which can be indicated 

 by placing it above the sciences and nearest 

 to those that are the most exact. Physics, 

 chemistry and psychology are the funda- 

 mental sciences on which all the others de- 

 pend. Physics-chemistry at one side of the 



CHAUT SHOWING THE RELATIONS OF THE SCIENCES. 



to present here. I have also let the scien- 

 tific men of the United States classify them- 

 selves. As a result of this inductive study, 

 but doubtless also under the influence of 

 logical considerations, I have made the 

 classification of the sciences shown on the 

 chart which I have distributed. 



The graphical representation of the re- 

 lations of the sciences on a plane turned 

 out to be more feasible than I had antici- 

 pated. It must not, however, be under- 



chart and psychology at the other indicate 

 this graphically. The facts of matter in 

 motion or energy and the facts of con- 

 sciousness are more clearly distinct than 

 any other phenomena, while at the same 

 time, being abstractions from the same 

 experience, they are absolutely interde- 

 pendent. Physical science presupposes 

 perceptions and reasoning, while minds 

 are conditioned by the physical world. 

 Physiology, whether or not life be regarded 



