Apeil 10, 1903.] 



SCIENCE. 



565 



as a manifestation of a special form of 

 energy, occupies a central position, form- 

 ing one triangle with physics and chem- 

 istry, and another with zoology and botany. 

 It also forms properly a triangle with the 

 secondary sciences, astronomy and geo- 

 physics, and parallels psychology. The 

 great natural sciences, geology, zoology and 

 botany, form a triangle, and their interre- 

 lations with the other sciences are indicated 

 with tolerable accuracy by their places on 

 the chart. Anthropology, anatomy and 

 pathology might be included logically 

 under zoology or botany, but owing to 

 their actual development they deserve dis- 

 tinct places. Several other sciences in 

 their interrelationships are indicated on 

 the chart. There might also be entered 

 further to the right sciences such as phi- 

 lology, sociology, history, etc., dependent 

 primarily on psychology, but also on the 

 material sciences. On a plane above that 

 of the, chart might be put the applied sci- 

 ences—engineering, agriculture, medicine, 

 education, etc., each of which rests on a 

 large number of pure sciences, but has 

 specially close connections with one or 

 more of them.' 



Limiting the scope of this inquiry to the 

 twelve sciences indicated, the men of sci- 

 ence of the United States are distributed 

 by various agencies, as shown approxi- 

 mately on the table. On the lower half 

 of the table the same figures are reduced 

 to the common standard of a thousand in 

 each class. Chemists, zoologists and phys- 

 icists are the most numerous, each group 

 containing about one seventh of our sci- 

 entific men. About one man of science in 

 ten is a geologist, a botanist and a mathe- 

 matician; about one in twenty a patholo- 

 gist and an astronomer. In decreasing 

 numbers then come the physiologists, the 

 psychologists, the anatomists and the an- 

 thropologists. It should be noted that the 

 Chemical Society is large, and degrees in 



chemistry are numerous because chemistry 

 is an applied as well as a pure science. 

 Teachers of mathematics and of the med- 

 ical sciences are numerous because these 

 are required subjects of study; original 

 contributions are scanty as compared with 

 the numbers of those who teach them. 



Table I. 



THE NUMBER OF AMERICAN MEN OP SCIENCE AND 

 THEIB DISTRIBUTION AMONG THE SCIENCES. 



Mathematics . 



Physics 



Chemistry . . . 

 Astronomy. . . 



Geology 



Botany 



Zoology 



Physiology. . . 

 Anatomy .... 

 Pathology. . . 

 Anthropology 

 Psychology . . , 



380 

 556 

 656 

 212 

 436 

 416 

 620 

 156 

 116 

 224 

 92 

 136 



REDUCED TO PER THOUSAND. 



Mathematics . 



Physics 



Chemistry . . . 

 Astronomy. . . 



Geology 



Botany 



Physiology. . . 

 Anatomy .... 

 Pathology . . . 

 Anthropology 

 Psychology . . . 



95 

 139 

 164 



53 

 109 



The statistics that I am collecting will 

 give more valid data in regard to the 

 number and distribution of the men of 

 science of the United States than any of 

 the other classes. Next in importance, 

 representing as they do the future rather 

 than the past or present, are the degrees 

 of doctor of philosophy conferred. It has 

 taken during the past five years, in round 



