568 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XVII. No. 432. 



estimate and grade. These are shown on 

 the second table. The terms are partly- 

 self-explanatory. We know what is meant 

 iDy physical health and mental sanity and 

 balance. The three next categories follow 

 the analysis of consciousness current in 

 psychology. We distinguish three aspects 

 of mental life— the cognitive, the emotional 

 and the volitional. One of these may be 

 particularly well developed. The man of 

 science must perceive correctly and reason 



scientific and practical importance, but one 

 too new and technical for discussion here. 

 I may, however, state that in the Columbia 

 tests we have found a lack of correlation; 

 for example, the man who has a good mem- 

 ory is not more likely than another to be 

 accurate or quick in perception. 



The next group of qualities is adopted 

 from my own work in psychology. I have 

 tried to prove by experiment that mental 

 processes vary in time, in intensity and in 



Table II. 



GBADES FOE DIFFERENT TRAITS ASSIGNED TO FIVE MEN OF SCIENCE. 



'dearly; the artist must have vivid emo- 

 tions; the statesman or soldier must have 

 a strong will and be prompt to act. These 

 traits are not exclusive of one another, as 

 is usually assumed. The eminent man of 

 science is far more likely than the average 

 man to be a poet or an efficient executive 

 officer. This may be because the traits are 

 correlated, or it may be because the man 

 of achievement must excel in various traits 

 which have been accidentally united in 

 liim. This is a question of considerable 



extensity, that these magnitudes can be 

 measured, and that they are correlated 

 with the time, energy and space relations 

 of the physical world. These fundamental 

 quantitative categories appear to be appli- 

 cable to character as a whole — a man may 

 be quick or slow, strong or weak, broad or 

 narrow. These qualities seem to me to 

 define and render more exact the four 

 temperaments which are almost the only 

 types of character that have obtained cur- 

 rency. Thus the choleric man is quick and 



