April 17, 1903] 



SCIENCE, 



621 



the cell sap of water plants, such as Elodea 

 and Ceratophyllum. This pseudo-respiration 

 under the action of strong poisons is many 

 times as active as the real respiration and 

 makes the study of the latter impossible. 

 Carbon dioxid is also given off from filtered 

 sap expressed from Elodea more rapidly than 

 from the living plant. He also finds that the 

 evolution of CO, is a feature of the breaking 

 down of protoplasm into mere proteid in 

 death, and that it continues for a consider- 

 able time after death. — Professor John M. 

 Coulter and Dr. Charles J. Chamberlain dis- 

 cuss the ' Embryogeny of Zamia.' The re- 

 sults of that study, taken in connection with 

 previous work, enable them to arrange the 

 gymnosperms in a developmental series. It 

 appears that the embryogeny of Ginkgo is the 

 most primitive among gymnosperms, that of 

 Cycas more primitive than that of Zamia, 

 while Zamia approaches more nearly the 

 Coniferales; that such forms as Taxus, 

 CephalotaxuSj Podocarpus, Taxodium and 

 Thuja show progressive stages from the em- 

 bryogeny of Zamia toward that of Pinusj 

 that Ephedra has the most primitive embry- 

 ogeny among the Gnetales; and that Gnetum 

 and Tumhoa resemble the angiosperms in 

 the elimination of free nuclear division from 

 their embryogeny. — Professor Bruce Pink de- 

 scribes some Cladonia formations occurring 

 on the talus of cliffs in northeastern Minne- 

 sota. The region is a remarkable one for 

 the growth of these interesting lichens. Pho- 

 tographic illustrations show the way in which 

 the talus blocks are gradually covered with 

 lichen societies. — Mr. Howard S. Eeed de- 

 scribes ' The Development of the Macrospo- 

 rangium of Yucca filam,entosa,' which shows 

 certain interesting deviations from the mode 

 in other Liliaceffi. — Mr. J. M. Greenman re- 

 marks that his new genus Faxonanthus, re- 

 cently described in Sargent's ' Trees and 

 Shrubs,' accidentally without indication of 

 relationship, belongs to the family Scrophu- 

 lariacese, and is allied to the genus Leuco- 

 phyllum. — Mr. A. S. Hitchcock publishes 

 nomenclatural notes upon Andropogon divari- 

 catum and Dactylis cynosuroides. Kiister's 



' Pathologisehe Pflanzenanatomie,' Strasbur- 

 ger's ' Das botanische Practicum,' and Wies- 

 ner's ' Die Eohstoffe des Pflanzenreiches ' are 

 reviewed, together with a large number of 

 papers in current literature. 



The Popular Science Monthly for April 

 opens with a translation of Hugo de Vries' 

 memoir, ' On the Origin of Species.' This 

 is followed by the ninth instalment of ' Mental 

 and Moral Heredity in Eoyalty,' by Frederick 

 A. "Woods, who states that heredity appears 

 to have exercised in mental life a factor not 

 far from nine tenths, while on the moral side 

 it is something over one half. Under the 

 title 'The Great Auk in Art,' Frank Bond 

 gives a considerable series of pictures of this 

 bird gathered from various sources, accom- 

 panied by the descriptions of different au- 

 thors. T. D. A. Cockerell discusses 'The 

 Making of Biologists,' presenting evidence to 

 show that much depends on natural bent and 

 out-of-door surroundings, and Glenn W. Her- 

 rick considers 'The Relation of Malaria to 

 Agriculture and Other Industries of the 

 South.' He shows that malaria increases the 

 death rate and that the loss of time it causes 

 is a very serious drawback to agricultural 

 prosperity. Albert M. Eeese has an interest- 

 ing article on ' The Habits of the Giant Sala- 

 mander,' though the animal referred to is the 

 North American Cryptohranchus and not, as 

 one would naturally suppose, the really giant 

 Japanese species. J. Howard Gore has a 

 paper on 'The Carnegie Institution and the 

 National University,' and in ' Biography in 

 the Schools' David E. Major and T. H. Haines 

 present facts implying a decided lack of bio- 

 graphical knowledge on the part of the av- 

 erage student. Charles A. Wbite describes 

 'A Visit to the Quarry Caves of Jerusalem,' 

 and Sir Benjamin Baker the construction of 

 ' The Nile Dams and Eeservoir.' ' The Prog- 

 ress of Science ' contains various items of 

 general interest and the index to Vol. LXH. 

 completes the number. 



The Museums Journal of Great Britain has 

 an article on ' Voluntary Help in Museums,' 

 suggesting that a museum might obtain much 

 assistance from parties not on its staff, but 



