May 1, 1903.] 



SCIENCE. 



711 



thousand determinable specimens in an ad- 

 mirable state of preservation were collected. 

 This material requires no preparation, except- 

 ing to wash ofE the adhering clay. Few of the 

 large bones are broken and none are crushed 

 or distorted by pressure. The majority of 

 the specimens collected are dissociated limb 

 bones, jaws and teeth. Few complete skulls 

 were found. Connected skeletons of single 

 individuals are exceedingly rare. Associated 

 parts of the skeletons of several squirrels and 

 of the large bear Arctotherium simum were 

 the only ones found. Eemains of the latter 

 were particularly abundant along the east 

 wall, some of the best material occurring in 

 loose earth at depths of from four to six feet. 

 At this place complete limbs with all the ele- 

 raents in their natural position were found. 

 The fact of the association and better ^ state 

 of preservation of the remains of Arctotherium 

 suggested to Mr. Furlong that these animals 

 lived in some part of the existing cave, or 

 possibly in some gallery which has been de- 

 stroyed by subsequent erosion. If these ani- 

 mals really lived in the cave, many of the 

 angular fragments of bone already referred 

 to may be the relics of bears' feasts. Asso- 

 ciated with the bones are shells of a land 

 mollusc referable to the genus Epiphragmo- 

 phora, and of a fresh-water form allied to 

 Margaritana falcata living in the McCloud 

 Eiver. 



Traces of man's existence have been dili- 

 gently sought, and a number of polished and 

 pointed bones have been found which might 

 serve as rude implements. So much depends 

 on the determination of these as artifacts that 

 it is deemed best to reserve judgment and 

 await fuller exploration. 



The following is a provisional list of species 

 identified. Professor IVTerriam and the writer 

 are much indebted to Dr. C. Hart Merriam 

 for valuable assistance in determining the 

 rodents and carnivores: 



Arctotherium simum Cope. 



Ursus sp. nov. Merriam, J. C. 



Fells sp. nov. Merriam, J. C. 



Felis near hippolestes Merriam, C. H. 



Lynx fasciatus Eaflnesqne. 



Lynx fasciatus subsp. nov. ( ? ) . 



Urocyon townsendi Merriam, C. H. 

 Tulpes cascadensis Merriam, C. H. 

 Lupus sp. nov. Merriam, J. C. 

 Taxidea (?) sp. nov. Merriam, J. C. 

 Bassariscus raptor Baird. 



Mephitis occidentalis Baird. ^ 



Spilogale sp. nov. Merriam, J. C. 

 Putorius arizonensis Mearns. I 



Sciurus hudsonicus alboliinbatus Allen. 

 Spermophilus douglasi Richardson. 

 Lepus californicus Gray. 

 Lepus sp. nov. 



Lepus Jclamathensis Merriam, C. H. 

 Lepus near audoboni Baird. 

 Teonoma sp. nov. 

 . Neotonia fuscipes Baird. 

 Arvicola sp. 

 Thomomys sp. nov. 



Thomomys near leucodon Merriam, C. H. 

 Aplodontia either a new species or a new 

 subspecies of A. major. 



Bcalops of. toionsendi Bachman. 



Odocoileus columhianus Richardson. 



Odocoileus sp. 



Oamelops (?) sp. 



Megaloynx sp. 



Mastodon americanus Kerr. 



Elephas primigenius. Blumb. 



Tapirus sp. 



Equus occidentalis Leidy. 



In addition to the species listed, there are 

 a large number of birds which have not yet 

 been studied, a snake, a tortoise, a bat and 

 one or more fishes. 



Associated with species characterizing open 

 country, the list shows a considerable propor- 

 tion of mountain and forest types. Seventeen 

 of the thirty-five species and subspecies listed 

 are extinct. So far as known there is no 

 difference between the species from the vari- 

 ous strata, although the remains of Arcto- 

 therium are perhaps more numerous in the 

 deeper layers. No Pliocene forms have been 

 found, although such may occur at deeper 

 levels in the unexplored portions of the cave. 



The accumulation of the portion of the cave 

 deposit which has been studied took place 

 during middle or later Quaternary time. 

 ISTevertheless, the cave fauna indicates that 

 great changes in the topography of the region 

 have taken place. The present mountainous 

 character of the country, and especially the 



