May 15, 1903.] 



SCIENCE. 



787 



generating scarcely any chlorin ' ; titanium, 

 zirconium and thorium are spoken of as ' un- 

 common ' elements. 



But if these are the worst criticisms that 

 can be passed upon the book, and this is per- 

 haps the case, it must be conceded that both 

 author and translator have done their work 

 in a very satisfactory manner, and we have 

 no doubt but that Holleman, as well as Jones, 

 will find its way into many class-rooms and 

 will also prove to be but a pioneer of an im- 

 proved type of text-book, which will revolu- 

 tionize the teaching of inorganic chemistry. 

 And for this let us be devoutly thankful. 

 Jas. Lewis Howe. 



Washington and Lee Univeesitt. 



A Text-hook of Zoology. By G. P. Mudge. 



London, Edward Arnold. 1901. Pp. viii 



-4-416. 



The author of this book is lecturer on bi- 

 ology at the London School of Medicine for 

 Women, and on zoology and botany at the 

 Polytechnic Institute, Regent Street, and 

 is also demonstrator in biology at the London 

 Hospital Medical College. His text-book may, 

 therefore, be presumed to be an expression of 

 the practice of an experienced and active 

 teacher of biology. It differs markedly in 

 matter and arrangement from the usual zoo- 

 logical texts, arranged systematically, that is, 

 according to the accepted classification of 

 animals. In a first part are an interesting 

 introduction called ' the scope of biology ' and 

 a brief statement of ' the characters of the 

 great divisions of the animal kingdom,' in 

 which Protozoa, Metazoa, Acoslomata, Coelo- 

 mata, Vertebrata, Invertebrata, Diploblastica 

 and Tripoblastica are defined. Then comes 

 a second part given to a study of ' the com- 

 parative morphology of the organs of Scyl- 

 lium, Rana and Lepus.' The organs of these 

 three vertebrates are discussed on the plan of 

 the comparative anatomist, the condition of 

 each organ or system of organs being com- 

 pared in the three forms. This discussion 

 covers one hundred and sixty-seven pages, and 

 is illustrated by fifty-two diagrammatic fig- 

 ures. To this part is added a chapter of 

 twenty-two pages on the morphology of Am- 



phioxus. A third part, of sixty-eight pages, 

 is given to the morphology of four ccelomate 

 invertebrates, viz., AstacuSj Periplaneta, An- 

 odonta and Lumhricus, the treatment being 

 again that of the comparative anatomist. 

 Then comes a chapter on ' the morphology of 

 Hydra,' an aecelomate invertebrate, and a 

 chapter on ' the morphology of Parammcium 

 and Amoeba.' The fourth part of the book is 

 composed of a chapter on ' embryology ' (38 

 pp.), one on 'the life history of the cock- 

 roach and the butterfly, and their chief struc- 

 tural differences' (9 pp.), one on 'karyo- 

 kinesis, oogenesis and spermatogenesis, ma- 

 turation and impregnation of the eggs, and 

 parthenogenesis ' (10 pp.) ! — the author is 

 seeing the limits of his permitted space; then 

 one on 'heredity' (26 pp.), and finally one 

 on 'variation' (15 pp.). 



When one departs from the usual and pre- 

 sumably approved manner of make-up of zoo- 

 logical text-books, the real court of appeal for 

 the final decision as to the worth of the new 

 manner is that composed of teachers who 

 have tested in actual class work the useful- 

 ness and practicalness of the innovation. 

 Thus does the reviewer easily put aside the 

 necessity of expressing an opinion about the 

 matter. He will hazard the guess, however, 

 that most present-day teachers of zoology will 

 not choose a text-book of comparative anat- 

 omy under the name of a text-book of zoology 

 for their first-year classes. 



The work outlined in the book is sound and 

 thorough, and the discussions of heredity, 

 variation and the scope of biology are modern 

 and interesting. The book is compact, well- 

 made and fully indexed. V. L. Kellogg. 



Lehrhuch der Zoologie. By Alex. Goette. 



Leipzig, Wilh. Engelmann. 1902. Pp. 504 ; 



512 figs. 



The author of this zoological text-book is 

 professor of zoology in the University of 

 Strassburg. The book is intended for uni- 

 versity classes ; it is of the reference or manual 

 of classification type of text-book, not of the 

 laboratory guide or specifically outlined course 

 type, as is the English text-book reviewed 

 above. After twenty-five pages of introduc- 



