May 29, 1903.] 



SCIENCE. 



857 



Each member of the academy should 

 engage in some work which promises fruit- 

 ful results, and which will in a measure 

 bring recognition for the work. No indi- 

 vidual should be satisfied in his present 

 condition. Each person should strive to 

 add something to the world's store of 



If an organism should cease to make 

 effort when the fatigue point is reached, 

 there could be little advancement in power 

 or progress. If the inhabitants of the 

 world should cease to press in search of the 

 unknown, progress would cease. We can 

 not remain in a fixed condition. We must 

 press forward or fall backward. The 

 masses of mankind are carried forward by 

 the efforts of the few. The greatest tri- 

 umphs of the century soon become the 

 common property of the people. With 

 the rapid increase of knowledge and the 

 present great differentiation of labor one 

 must seek a limited field and drive some 

 subject hard and increasingly. Member- 

 ship in this academy indicates a desire to 

 carry on progressive work. The coming 

 annual meetings will give the results of 

 the individual efforts. 



In this brief sketch I have but hinted at 

 some of the reasons for the existence of 

 this organization, and have suggested some 

 of the ways in which, as it appears to me, 

 the academy may do good in the state. 

 There are many others yet unrecounted. 

 But if I have encouraged the members to 

 greater individual effort and have led 

 them to feel they are not alone, although 

 a hundred miles from those in sympathy 

 with the work, I shall be satisfied. Mon- 

 tana is not yet out of touch of pioneers. 

 The old hunter and trapper has almost 

 disappeared. The population is fast be- 

 coming stable. The pioneers are now 

 those first to take up the work incident to 

 the development of the educational and 



esthetic life of the people. For the ac- 

 complishment of this end the Academy of 

 Sciences, Arts and Letters takes its place 

 with other organizations. Its life and 

 work will represent the activity of the 

 members which shall make up the organiza- 

 tion. May it have a long and useful lif e^ 

 Morton J. Elrod. 

 University of Montana. 



SCIENTIFIC BOOKS. 

 A Manual of Zoology. By Eichakd Hertwig. 

 Prom the fifth German edition. Translated 

 and edited by J. S. Ejngsley. New York, 

 Henry Holt & Co. 1902. 8vo. Pp. 704. 

 An English translation of the whole of this 

 valuable manual has been needed, though we 

 had from Dr. Field a good translation of the 

 first or general part. Professor Kingsley has 

 now added a translation of the second, the 

 whole volume well rounding out the series of 

 superior text-books of zoology now at ithe ser- 

 vice of the student and teacher. With two 

 such text-books as Parker and Haswell's 

 ' Zoology,' and the one before us, the zoologist 

 of the present day is fortunate. 



Although we are not sure but that, for the 

 student or beginner, the general principles of 

 modern zoology should follow the description 

 of the types or of the principal groups, it is 

 safe to say that the student will nowhere find 

 such a valuable, concise, comprehensive and 

 reliable statement of the general subject as 

 in this volume. It comprises not only a his- 

 tory of the science in nearly all its phases, 

 but the philosophy of zoology, a subject now 

 very much needed for students who are per- 

 haps too early led to specialize. One might 

 wish that the matter of geographical distribu- 

 tion could have been edited with reference to 

 that of North and South America, and that 

 more space could have been given to ecology 

 or bionomics. But the subject covers so broad 

 a field, and on the whole is treated in so 

 equable a manner, that this may seem a 

 superfiuous criticism. 



In the history of the evolution theory the 

 statement is made that ' Lamarck, in accord- 

 ance with the then prevailing conceptions. 



