858 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XVII. No. 439. 



regarded the animal kingdom as a single series 

 grading from the lowest primitive animal up 

 to man.' This is a mistake. Hertwig could 

 never have carefully read what Lamarck did 

 say, or have known that he was the first to 

 throw aside a serial arrangement and to sketch 

 out a two-branched genealogical tree of the 

 animal kingdom as he knew it. Lamarck, 

 on the contrary, says, referring to the exist- 

 ing animals : ' I claim that they form a 

 branched series,' etc. 



The translation uses the word ' rudimental ' 

 for vestigial. On page 180, in enumerating 

 the classes represented in the Cambrian 

 period, the brachiopods are omitted, and only 

 six classes in all are enumerated, whereas 

 there are the remains of the representatives of 

 thirteen or fourteen. 



The portion on ' Special or Systematic 

 Zoology' is a very useful summary of the 

 characters of the phyla, classes and orders, and 

 in some cases of the suborders and families. 

 Of course, in the matter of classification zoolo- 

 gists even now differ very much. While in 

 the first edition of the original work (1892) 

 the animal kingdom is divided into only seven 

 phyla, there are in the present translation 

 ten. Professor Kingsley has made important 

 changes from the German edition in the 

 classification of the arthropods. He has done 

 well to assign the sponges to a separate 

 phylum (Porifera). The Mollusca are made 

 to precede the Arthropoda. We are unable 

 to follow the translator in placing the Trilo- 

 bita among the Crustacea, and in separating 

 the Gigantostraca (why not Merostomata, 

 which has the priority by many years?) from 

 the Trilobita. On the other hand, the Meros- 

 tomata are not included in the Arachnida as 

 is done by some English zoologists. For 

 Trilobitse Trilobita is preferable, as it is the 

 original spelling of McLeay in 1840. Trilo- 

 bitsB is the term given by a later author. 



The Myropoda are very judiciously treated, 

 and we quite agree with Professor Kingsley 

 in breaking up the old group Myriopoda into 

 two groups, placing the Diplopoda, with the 

 ' Pauropida ' (sic) apart from the Chilopoda. 

 With the classification of the insects we should 



have some fault to find; certainly the Ehyn- 

 chota should not be placed in so high a posi- 

 tion between the Hymenoptera and Diptera. 

 The Lepidoptera are divided into six sub- 

 orders, a singular arrangement allowed to 

 remain over from the German text, without 

 change. More modern views might have been 

 adopted in the translation. 



A few slips or errors remain to be noticed 

 which could be corrected in a second edition, 

 which we doubt not will soon be called for. 

 Did not Ledermiiller speak of ' Infusions- 

 thiere ' a little previous to Wrisberg, who 

 called the infusoria ' Animalcula infusoria ' ? 

 The use here and there of the word ' ringing ' 

 for segmentation is not happy. In the too 

 brief account, to be very useful, of Pithecan- 

 thropus mention is made of ' a molar tooth,' 

 whereas three have been found. 



There is a commendable absence of typo- 

 graphical errors. We have only noticed ' tro- 

 cophere,' page 316 ; ' correllate,' page 389 ; 

 ' chelefer,' page 450, and ' Pauropida,' on page 

 497. The copy we have before us is rather 

 faintly printed, and the cuts are not always 

 evenly printed. A. S. Packard. 



EUCALYPTS CULTIVATED IN" THE UNITED STATES. 



Bulletin 35 of the Bureau of Forestry, 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture, is a hand- 

 some volume devoted exclusively to Professor 

 McClatchie's valuable memoir on the ' Euca- 

 lypts Cultivated in the United States.' It is 

 profusely and beautifully illustrated, well 

 printed on good paper and every way worthy 

 of all concerned in its production. Above all, 

 it is a timely publication, particularly so 

 when the need of southern California is con- 

 sidered in the matter of fuel. With the ex- 

 traordinary increase of population in this part 

 of the state follows a corresponding increase 

 in the demand for fuel. The supply furnished 

 by the native trees, red and white oaks, 

 juniper, mesquit, etc., is rapidly diminishing; 

 already the eucalypts, principally U. robusta 

 and E. globulus, contribute one haK or more 

 of the wood fuel. Coal, gas, gasoline and 

 kerosene are largely used; nevertheless, the 

 demand for fire-wood is constantly increasing. 

 Not infrequently the daily papers notice the 



