Junk 5, 1903.] 



SCIENCE. 



887 



an increase in population and wealth or so 

 profitable a development of natural re- 

 sources. 



Under the Turks murder was not con- 

 sidered a crime, and it is estimated that 

 from ten to fifteen thousand people were 

 killed annually by the soldiers and by each 

 other. During the last ten years, out of a 

 population of nearly two millions the homi- 

 cides have averaged only six a year, and in 

 1900 there were only two. In Turkish 

 times robbery was as common as lying, and 

 farmers hid their cabins where they could 

 not be seen from the highways, for fear of 

 raids from bandits and marauding soldiers. 

 There has been no case of robbery in Bos- 

 nia since 1895, and in 1900 but one case of 

 burglary. Other crimes are equally rare. 



The population of Bosnia is about 2,000,- 

 000, one third Moslems, one third members 

 of the orthodox Greek church, one fifth 

 Roman Catholics, and the remainder Prot- 

 estants and Jews. The population has 

 doubled in twenty years, .and is increasing 

 at the rate of ten per cent, a year. The 

 people are peaceful, contented and pros- 

 perous. The cities are filled with new and 

 handsome houses. Factories are being 

 erected to utilize the water power and con- 

 sume the raw material produced in the 

 country. Training schools and other in- 

 stitutions have been established to qualify 

 the people to make the most intelligent use 

 of their opportunities. Members of the 

 different religions mingle on amicable 

 terms and show mutual respect and tolera- 

 tion. Taxes are low and are honestly col- 

 lected and disbiirsed; the courts are wisely 

 and justly administered, and the people 

 have learned for the first time to appre- 

 ciate a just and liberal government. 



Bosnia is the first province of Turkey 

 that was ever, well governed. Enlightened 

 Mohammedans who have observed the ad- 



vantages are gradually yielding, and while 

 no adult Moslem was ever converted to 

 Christianity, they are adopting the cus- 

 toms of the western world, and their women 

 are being released from the degrading posi- 

 tion which they occupy in all the lands of 

 Islam. 



Mr. Curtis suggested that there was 

 much in the Austrian experiment in Bosnia 

 that might profitably be imitated by the 

 United States in the Philippines. 



The Sources and Margin of Error in Cen- 

 sus Work: Le Grand Powers, Chief 

 Statistician for Agriculture, U. S. Cen- 

 sus. 



The most important sources of error in 

 census work are those of omission and 

 duplication by the enumerators. Such 

 errors have occurred in all census work. 



In the census of agriculture the omis- 

 sions are most numerous in sparsely settled 

 sections where there is much irregular land 

 surface. The duplications are most numer- 

 ous in sections of the opposite character, 

 and especially in communities with a large 

 development of tenant farming. 



The census office can and does cheek 

 against duplications, and these checks have 

 been more fully developed in the twelfth 

 census than ever before. The office can 

 not, during the work of schedule revision 

 and tabulation, check against omissions of 

 farm land by enumerators. Hence the 

 probability of greater omissions than dupli- 

 cations in the completed report. 



An analysis o'f census data, and com- 

 parisons of the same, with the records of 

 assessed land, shows greater omissions than 

 duplications in all parts of the country. 



The omissions of farm land in Iowa 

 equal about 1 per cent., and the duplica- 

 tions of errors of calculation or revision 

 that have a tendency to unduly exaggerate 



