734 GEUM. LCLASS XII. ORDER III. 



slender awl -shaped incurved filaments, with roundish Iwo celled 

 anthers. Styles long, curved, remarkably jointed in the middle, 

 smooth, with the exception of the lower part of the upper half being 

 slightly hairy, which half falls off soon after flowering, and leaves the 

 lower half attached to the carpel, having at the extremity a small 

 hoot, to which the upper part was attached, and formed the curve. 

 Carpels numerous, clothed with rigid hairs. 



Habitat. — Woods, hedges, and shady places; frequent. 



Perennial ; flowering from May to August. 



The roots of this plant, commonly known by the name of Avens, are 

 of a dark reddish brown colour, with an odour similar to cloves, having 

 an aromatic bitterish taste, from which qualities it has received the 

 name of caryophyllata. It is astringent, and somewhat tonic, and was 

 formerly used as a febrifuge ; but its use now as a medicine is almost 

 forgotten, and it is applied only to give a flavour to other articles. It is 

 said that the Augsburg beer, which is much prized in some parts of the 

 Continent, is flavoured by the roots of the Avens, and that this also 

 prevents it from turning sour. 



2. G. riva'le, Linn. (Fig. 831.) Water Avens. Stem erect; flowers 

 drooping ; leaves ternate, radical ones somewhat lyrate, or interruptedly 

 pinnate ; stipules ovate, acute, cut or serrated ; carpels in an ovate 

 head, numerous, hairy, with a much elongated jointed feathery awn 

 above the curvature. 



English Botany, t. 106. — English Flora, vol. ii. p. 431. — Hooker, 

 British Flora, ed. 4. vol. i. p. 208. — Lindley, Synopsis, p. 98. 



/3. intermedium, Seringe. Leaves less hairy ; lobes of the upper 

 leaves narrower ; peduncles more slender. — Ser. 



Lindley, Synopsis, p. 98. — De Cand. Prod. 2. p. 551. — G. inter- 

 medium, Ehrh. 



y. luxurians, Traitennich. (Fig. 832.) Flowers semi-double ; sepals 

 distinct, transformed into leaves. — Ser. 



Lindley, Synopsis, p. 98. — De Cand. Prod. 2. p. 552. — G. hylridum, 

 Jacq. 



Root somewhat woody, with spreading branched fibres, of an astrin- 

 gent taste and aromatic odour. Stem from one to two feel high, 

 roundish, hairy, simple, or somewhat paniculated above. Leaves dark 

 green above, paler beneath, hairy, the radical ones mostly numerous, 

 with long very hairy stalks, interruptedly }iinnate or lyrate, the ter- 

 minal lobe large, rounded, more or less deeply and unequally lobed 

 and serrated, the cauline ones ternate, or lobed, cut and unequally 

 serrated, stipules ovate, acute, serrated, or cut, sometimes entire. 

 Flowers somewhat paniculated, pendulous, or drooping on round long 

 hairy peduncles, becoming erect after flowering. Calyx purple, erect, 

 with five large lanceolate segments, and five much smaller intermediate 

 onps. Petals of a tawny brown, cordate, wedge-shape(\, much branched 



