JAXI ARY 4, l^Oo.] 



SCIENCE. 



17 



•fumos of athletic prowess aiul skill, aiul 

 thus their athletic sjiorts began. They en- 

 gaged in games of cliauce and staked their 

 little stoi-es of wealth and sought to divine 

 their chances and developed simple meth- 

 ods of divination, and thus their intellec- 

 tual games began. With sports of mim- 

 icry, sports of athletic skill and sports of 

 chance and divination, the highway of 

 pleasure was entered. 



They began to express their ideas by 

 gesture speech and oral speech in imitation 

 of the siglits and sounds of the world, and 

 especially of the characteristics of one an- 

 other ; thus gesture speech and oral speech 

 liegan, and the tribes entered upon the 

 highway of speech. 



In the biotic constitution of man the 

 .seeds of government are planted, for there 

 must be husbands and wives, parents and 

 children, and there must be authoi'ity and 

 obedience. As the kinship tribes w'ere de- 

 veloped authority and obedience grew with 

 the group, and a system of terms was de- 

 veloped by which kinship through streams 

 of blood and marriage relations was clearly 

 exliibited, and to the elder was given the 

 right to coninuuid. and to the younger the 

 tluty to obey — a system of perfect equality, 

 for every individual grew in authority as 

 he grew in years, and must command some 

 and obey others. Thus began forms of 

 government, and the tribes entered upon 

 the highway of institutions. 



Every child learns by experience. The 

 accumulation of experience from infancy to 

 old age is great even with jn-imal man, but 

 by s](eech the experience of the elder is 

 taught to the younger. In the stream of 

 generations there are elder and younger in 

 every tribe, and the experience of ancestf)rs 

 is handed down. Thus primal man entered 

 upon tlie highway of learning. 



Let us .see whei-e the human race began. 

 A multitude of kinshij) tribes spread over 

 the habitable earth, each tribe on the lii"li- 



ways of progress, with simi)le arts suited to 

 local envii-onment. with simple plea.sures 

 suited to home environment, with simple 

 speech developed fi-om the gestures and 

 vocal souiuls of men and the low'cr animals 

 and the scenes of nature found in the en- 

 vironment, with simple governments de- 

 veloped out of biotic life conforming to the 

 environment of kinship and age and the 

 needs of daily life, and with simple knowl- 

 edge gathered by the individual through 

 experience and transmitted one to another 

 liy speech and handed down from genera- 

 tion to generation in an ever-growing stream 

 of wLsdom, all taught by the environment. 



In this picture we have primal men in 

 multitudes of distinct tribes under the 

 difl'erentiating forces of environment by 

 which they may be developed into species, 

 but for one overpowering factor — superior 

 human intellect. There can be but one 

 kind of mind. Two and two are four with 

 every people ; the moon is round, gibbous 

 or crescent wherever it .shines for man ; the 

 sun shines in every ej'e ; tlie child grows 

 in every experience. Thus the four great 

 mental activities of number, form, cause 

 and becoming are the same in every land, 

 and the mind of every man is a unity of 

 these four powers, and every mind is like 

 every other mind in their possession. They 

 dilfer only in extent of experience acquired 

 directly by self or indirectly from others. 

 A\'hile the mind is the same with all men 

 the will is the same. All desire to gain 

 good and to avoid evil, .so all wills develop 

 on a common plan. By mind and will, by 

 mentality and volition, man jn'ogresses on 

 the five highways of life, so that all men 

 are impelled to the same goal of wisdom. 

 Pui-suit of the common end has proved to 

 be more powerful in producing involution 

 than the forces of environment in produc- 

 ing ditlerentiation or classific evolution. 

 It now Ijeconu's necessary to make a hasty 

 sketch (illnimau evolution. 



