SCIENCE. 



Editorial Committee : S. Newcoseb, Mathematics ; R. S. Woodward, Mechanics ; E. C. Pickering, As- 

 tronomy ; T. C. Mendeshall, Physics ; R. H. Thurston, Engineering ; Ira Remsen, Chemistry ; 

 Joseph Le Conte, Geology; "W. M. Davis, Physiography; O. C. Marsh, Paleontology; W. K. 

 Brooks, Invertebrate Zoology ; C. Hart Merriam, Vertebrate Zoology ; N. L. Britton, 

 Botany ; Henry F. Osborn, General Biology ; H. P. Bowditch, Physiology ; 

 J. S. Billings, Hygiene ; J. McKeen Cattell, Psychology ; 

 Daniel G. Brinton, J. W. Powell, Anthropology. 



Fkiday, March 15, 1895. 



CONTENTS: 



The Plant Individual in the Light of Evolution : L. 

 H. Bailey 281 



Current Notes on Physiography [III.): W. M. 

 Davis 292 



The New York Meeting of the Association of Ameri- 

 can Anatomists 295 



Correspondence : — 297 



A Card Catalogue of Scientific Literature: Henry' 

 Alfred Todd. Pithecanthropus erectus : Har- 

 rison Allen. 



Scientific Literature : — 299 



IC. Slingo and A. Brooker's Electrical Engineer- 

 ing : F. B. Crocker. Physiological Physics: 

 William Hallock. Mathematics. Meteorology: 

 A. L. RoTCH. 



Notes and Neivs .•— 303 



Entomology ; General. 



Societies and Academies : — 304 



The Biological Society of Washington : The Ncto 

 York Acdihtny of Sciences; Nalioiinl Groi/raph- 

 ical Society ; Philosophical Society of Washington ; 

 Boston Society of Natural History. 



Scientific Journals 308 



New Books 308 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended 

 for review sliould be sent to the responsible editor, Prof. J. 

 McKeen Cattell, Gurrison on Hudson, N. Y. 



Subscriptionsund advertisements should be sent to Science, 

 41 N. Queen St.. Lancaster, I'a., or 41 East -igth St., New York. 



THE PLANT INDIVIDUAL IN THE LIGHT OF 

 EVOLUTION* 



THE PHILOSOPHY- OF BUD-VARIATION, AND ITS 



BEARING UPON WEISMANNISM. 



I. 



Whil-st tlie aniuial and vegetable kiug- 

 doms originate at a common point and are 

 not clearly distinguishable in a number of 



* Address before the Biological Society of Wash- 

 ington, Jan. 12, 1895. 



the lower groups or organic beings, thej^ 

 nevertheless diverge rapidly and they finally 

 become very unlike. I believe that we 

 shall find that this divergence into two 

 coordinate branches of organic nature is 

 brought about bj' the operation of at least 

 two fundamentally distinct laws. There is 

 a most unfortunate tendency, at the pres- 

 ent time, to attempt to account for all phe- 

 nomena of evolution upon some single 

 hj-pothesis which the observer may think 

 to be operative in the particular group of 

 animals or plants which he may be studj-- 

 ing. For myself, I cannot believe that all 

 forms of life are the results of any one law. 

 It is possible that all recent explanations of 

 evolution contain more or less truth, and 

 that one of them may have been the cause 

 of certain developments , whilst others have 

 been equally fundamentally important in 

 other groups of organisms. If I were a 

 zoologist, and particularly an entomologist, 

 I should hold strongly to the views of La- 

 marck; but, being a horticulturist, I must 

 accept largely, for the objects which come 

 within the range of my vision, the princi- 

 ples of Darwin. In other words, I believe 

 that both Lamarckism and Dai-winism arc 

 true ; and, in this connection, it is signifi- 

 cant to observe that Lamarck propounded 

 his theory from studies of animals, whilst 

 Dai'win was first led to his theoiy from ob- 

 servations of plants. I am willing to 

 admit, also, at least for the sake of argu- 



