330 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. I. No. 12. 



the Professor of Geology, but also a Canon 

 of the Cathedral, writes in his ' Prseterita :' 

 " Dr. Buckland was extremely like Sydney 

 Smith in his staple of character ; no rival 

 with him in wit, but like him in humor, 

 common sense, and benevolently cheerful 

 doctrine of Divinity . . . Geology was only 

 the pleasant occupation of his own merry 

 life." 



With these characteristics of head and 

 heart, a sane mind in a sound body, it may 

 be imagined what an immense impetus 

 Buckland gave to the growth and develop- 

 ment of the young science. He was the 

 first president of the Royal Geological 

 Society, and the first president of the British 

 Association for the Advancement of Science, 

 which he invited to meet at Oxford. His 

 papers and memoirs were not numerous, 

 though upwards of fifty, besides three 

 general works ; perhaps his volume on 

 Caves, ' Reliquiae Diluviante,' was of most 

 lasting value. He was, though at first 

 rejecting Agassiz's theory, one of the first 

 to recognize the fact of the former existence 

 of glaciers in Great Britain. 



Buckland was born in 1784 and died in 

 1856. His last scientific paper appeared in 

 1849. In 1845 he was appointed by Sir 

 Robert Peel to the deanery of Westminster, 

 and one of the fia-st things he did was to in- 

 troduce a system of pipe-drainage in West- 

 minster Abbey, the first of its kind ever laid 

 down in London, and which led to the 

 disuse of cesspools and brick sewers through- 

 out that city. He was, then, not only dean 

 and a doorkeeper in that palatial house of 

 the Lord, but he applied his scientific 

 knowledge to the thorough cleansing of its 

 foundations. Cleanliness with the good 

 dean was evidently a synonym of godliuess. 

 His sermon delivered in 1848 on the words, 

 ' Wash and be clean,' was almost the first 

 contribution to sanitary science, a subject 

 in which he was far ahead of his time. His 

 interest in medical science, in general 



charity and philanthropy, in building 

 churches and schools, was informed and 

 enlightened by his early geological training 

 and advanced ideas. When, in 1846, the 

 famine crept over Ireland, and even into 

 England, he met the difficultj' while living 

 in his summer house at Islip, and among 

 other wise and kindly acts he supplied the 

 village shops with sacks of hominy and 

 Indian corn. Here also he built a recre- 

 ation room for the village lads, the fore- 

 runner of our boys' clubs and kindred 

 associations. 



The story of Buckland's brilliant and 

 useful life is in most respects well told ; the 

 illustrations are amusing and often in- 

 structive, and we warmly recommend the 

 book as most entertaining reading for 

 geologists, young and old, and indeed for 

 all lovers of nature. A. S. Packard. 



GEOLOGY. 



Report on the Iron Mountain Sheet, by Arthur 

 Window, E. Haworth, Frank L. Nason and 

 others. Aethue Winslow, State Geolo- 

 gist, Mo. Geol. Surv. 1894. 

 This is the third number of the same 

 series of reports as the Bevier sheet and 

 covers an area of about 250 square miles in 

 portions of Iron, St. Francois and Madison 

 counties. As in the others, the principal 

 feature is the map showing the topogi-aphy 

 and the geology. This was constructed by 

 Messrs. Haworth, E. H. Lonsdale and C. F. 

 Marbut and is similar in scale and contour 

 interval to the one described above. It is 

 also accompanied by a sheet of columnar 

 and cross sections, showing the structure 

 of Iron mountain and Pilot knob. In the 

 text the peculiar topography of the region, 

 as well as the other physiographic features, 

 are described by Mr. Winslow. Mr. Ha- 

 worth contributes the portion on the geol- 

 ogy of the crj'stalline rocks and Mr. Win- 

 slow that on the geology of the Paleozoic 

 rocks. The economic geology of the iron 



