644 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. I. No. 23. 



five papers in all, giving the oi;tput of this 

 new laboratory for the first year. Among 

 the results of most interest reported in 

 these studies may be mentioned the follow- 

 ing : The relative falling off in the accuracy 

 of memory after intervals of 10, 20 and 40 

 minutes is shown by curves, the thing re- 

 membered being square magnitudes exhib- 

 ited to large classes of students. A con- 

 trast effect of squares of different sizes 

 shown simultaneously to the eye was dis- 

 covered, as is reported in a detailed re- 

 search. It was found that the distance be- 

 tween two squares of different sizes can not 

 be accurately bisected by the eye. There 

 is a constant error in judgment toward the 

 smaller square, whether the two be arranged 

 horizontally or vertically. And the error 

 in finding the midpoint increases as the dis- 

 proportion between the two squares becomes 

 greater, but always in the same direction. 

 This was tested by different methods, one 

 of which was designed to rule out the effect 

 of eye-movements. Another ' Study,' on 

 ' Types of Eeaction,' reports two cases of 

 reagents who give shorter ' sensory ' than 

 ' motor ' reactions. Professor Baldwin, the 

 author of this paper, accounts for these 

 cases, and earlier ones reported by Cattell 

 and Flournoy, on the general view of men- 

 tal types founded on recent cases of apha- 

 sia. ' Shorter Contribtitions,' by H. C. 

 Wood, on the ' Haunted Swing Illusion,' 

 and H. E. Marshall on ' Heat Sensations 

 in the Teeth,' make up the rest of the ar- 

 ticles. The usual section on ' Psycholog- 

 ical Literature ' is full and varied. Many 

 readers will be interested by the review in 

 this section of Nordau's book on Degeneration 

 by Professor William James, who also re- 

 views several other recent works on ' De- 

 generation and Genius.' 



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