672 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. I. No. 24. 



methods of accumulatiug and discussing the 

 available data. An abstract is postponed 

 until the appearance of the remainder of 

 the paper. 



Neiu method of Testing the Magnetic Properties 



of Iron. By W. S. Franklin. 



In determining the curve of magnetiza- 

 tion, the sample, in the form of a long nar- 

 row fl) is suspended from the arm of a bal- 

 ance, the legs of the Q being surrounded by- 

 fixed magnetizing coils. The induction 

 may then be calculated from the weight 

 necessary to hold the specimen in equi- 

 librium. A novel method of determining 

 hysteresis loss is also described. In this 

 case the sample was in the form of a long 

 rod, and was magnetized by a rather short 

 coil. The rod was suspended from one 

 part of a balance, and was weighed first 

 while the coil was moved slowly upward and 

 afterwards during a slow downward motion 

 of the coil. A method is developed by 

 which the hysteresis loss may be computed 

 from the difference of these weights. Ex- 

 perimental data accompany the paper. 



New Books. The following books are re- 

 viewed : Raylbigh. Theory of Sound, Vol. 

 I. PoiNCAEE. Les Oscillations Electriques. 

 Caehart. University Physics. 



THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY. 



The Journal of Comparative Neurology 

 for March contains three original papers. 

 The first, ' Modern Algedonic Theories,' by 

 C. L. Herrick, is a critique based primarily 

 upon Marshall's Pain, Pleasure and Es- 

 thetics, though most of the other recent 

 literature is reviewed in the same connec- 

 tion. The physiological theory of emotion 

 finally adopted by the writer is in the main 

 a composite di-awn chiefly from the nutrition 

 theory of Meynert, the discharge theory of 

 Lange and James, and the theory of habit 

 of Gilman. In brief, it is a resistance 

 theory. When we have agreed upon the 



nature of the simplest sense, pain and grati- 

 fication, the foundation will have been laid 

 for the more complex sesthetic phenomena. 

 This foundation is believed to consist in the 

 recognition of a sjjecial kind of neurosis for 

 the feelings due to two classes of stimuli of 

 a very similar but not identical kind. Given 

 an excessive stimulus which for whatever 

 reason freely irradiates, and pleasure is felt; 

 given another stimulus, or the same exces- 

 sive stimulus with other neural conditions 

 which prevent irradiation and produce a 

 summation and overflow, and pain is felt. 

 Emotion consists (1) of general sensations 

 of total, organic or in-adiating varieties 

 which have in common a lack of localization 

 and, as a result of associational laws, are 

 amalgamated more or less closelj^ with the 

 empirical ego; (2) of more or less explicate 

 or implicate cognitions (perceptions, intu- 

 itions) of the relation between the cause of 

 the sensation and our well-being; (.3) the 

 emotion is more or less closely attached to 

 various impulsive expressions which tend in 

 various ways to intensify the two preceding. 

 The psychical element of emotion is essen- 

 tially intellectual, and the attempt to secure 

 a serial relation of the ' faculties ' must be 

 abandoned. 



The second paper by M. A. Eafifiilovich 

 deals with ' Uranism, or Congenital Sexual 

 Inversion.' It is a plea for the early recog- 

 nition of congenital inversion in childi-en 

 and the proper education of such children. 

 Inversion is no excuse for debauchery and 

 Krafft-Ebbing's pity for the race of inverted 

 persons is largely misplaced. The psj'cho- 

 logical history of a superior uranist is traced 

 and commented upon at length. 



In a brief paper entitled ' The Histogen- 

 esis of the Cerebellum,' C. L. Herrick 

 notices the recent work of Dr. Shaper upon 

 the cerebellum of teleosts and calls atten- 

 tion to the gratifjang harmonj' between 

 these results and his own studies published 

 in 1891. 



