THE SANTA FE ROUTE. 
17 
70, on the descent to Hundred and Ten Mile Creek, which is crossed 
1 mile north of Scranton. 
The principal industry about Scranton is coal mining, but in the 
Scranton. f 
tural interests. 
Elevation 1,100 feet. 
Population 770. 
surrounding country there are also extensive agricul- 
From Scranton southwest and west 
to Burlingame the r 
crosses a nearly smooth 
ou 
Kansas City 87 miles. plain of shale which extends far to the east and for 
some distance to the west. 
At Burlingame the railway crosses the line of the Santa Fe Trail 
from Kansas City to Santa Fe, N. 
ex.' This trail followed the top 
of the plateau from Olathe and went west from Bur- 
Burlingame. 
,045 feet. 
Population 1,422. 
Kansas City 92 miles. 
important depot. 
lingame 30 miles to Council Grove, which was an 
Quantrell planned to raid the town 
of Burlingame in 1863, while the men were absent in 
the Army, but the women built a fort of rocks and 
held their ground for six weeks until Union soldiers came to their 
assistance. 
United States minister to China. 
This town was named for Anson Burlingame, formerly 
1 This famous old highway was about 
850 miles long. From 1804 to 1821 it had 
been traveled by a few trading expedi- 
tions using pack animals, but in 1821 it 
was formally ee for wagon travel 
and caravans of ‘‘prairie schooners” and 
large wagons began to make their trips to 
the excellent market of Santa Fe, then 
an important Government and commer- 
cial distributing city of the northern part 
valley of the Rio Grande and elsewhere. 
Later, after the United States had ac- 
quired the region, until the Santa Fe Rail- 
way was built, the trail was one of the 
great emigrant routes to the Southwest. 
At first the traders made only one trip a 
re on the road 
mules or five yoke of oxen, but often there 
were 100 ms in a caravan, divided 
into four divisions, a lieutenant having 
charge * each division under the com- 
mand of an elected captain of the whole 
party. A day’s mey was about 15 
miles, but varied soared with the dis- 
tances to camping places. At night the 
wagons were formed bits i a hollow square 
inside which camp was made and the 
horses were corralled. Outposts were 
maintained for sentry duty, as the Indians 
often attacked such parties just at dawn. 
tribe of 
Sioux had settled at the mouth of Kan- 
sas River but, persuaded by gifts, they 
abandoned one settlement after another 
So ac 
the tribes of the central Great Plains. 
The earlier trappers and frontiersmen had 
found most of these Indians amicable, 
but misdeeds by individuals of both 
races led to general bad feeling and con- 
vinced the Indians that they had nothing 
a trail that was already perilous enough 
through its lack of water and its physical 
oe 
1850 there were about 500 wagons 
ay about 5,000 animals in the service, 
in 1866 the — = 
and i 
