18 
GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
Several coal mines are worked in the vicinity of Burlingame. A 
short distance west of the railway rises a prominent ledge of the 
Burlingame limestone, of which this is the type locality. 
Beyond Burlingame the railway goes south and east of south 
across an undulating plain, making shallow cuts through the Scranton 
shale, which lies between the Howard limestone and the Burlingame 
limestone. 
At Osage the Santa Fe crosses the Missouri Pacific Railway. The 
city is named from the Osage Indians, a branch of the great Siouan 
family, some of whom formerly lived near the Kansa 
Osage. 
Elevation 1,077 feet. 
Population 2,432. 
Kansas City 101 miles. 
Indians, north of the Arkansas. 
coal-mining industry, it is the center for the sur- 
rounding farming community. The rolling plain of 
In addition to its 
shale continucs from Osage southwestward to. Read- 
ing. The highest altitudes attained on the divides are 1,165 feet, 
or slightly higher than in the region to the north. 
some tiips as many as 180 yoke of oxen 
would haul two trains of wagons. In 1849 
regular coach service carrying mail from 
Independence to Santa Fe was started, 
carried 
Express charges for 
carrying money were $1 a pound for gold 
or silver, 
The Santa Fe Railway follows the old 
trail in general, but in places the two are 
not very close together. In eastern Kan- 
sas there were several lines of travel. 
One began at Independence, Mo., a short 
distance eas i 
in Kansas City, and then went by Olathe 
and Gardner over the plateau southeast- 
ward to Council Grove, a famous rendez- 
vous 25 miles northwest of the present 
city of Emporia. About halfway to 
Council Grove it was joined by a route 
’ where most of 
_ ingame, about halfway betw: 
_ andEmporia. West of Council Grove the 
trail passed through the southern part of 
the city of Lyons, reaching Arkansas 
River near Ellinwood, a short distance 
east of Great Bend. m this place 
westward it followed the north bank of the 
river, in greater part within a very short 
distance of the course now taken by the 
railway, but in Colorado it kept on the 
north bank to Bents Fort, above Las 
Animas, where it crossed to the south side 
of the river. From this point into New 
Mexico the trail led southwestward, along 
a course very near the line of the present 
railway which crosses and recrosses it all 
the way to Raton. South of that place 
the trail went through Cimarron to Fort 
Union, near Watrous, thence to Las Vegas 
and across the Glorieta Pass to Canyon- 
cito, whence it-turned north to Santa Fe. 
A short-cut branch crossed the Arkansas 
above Dodge and went southwest to the 
y granite monuments erected by the 
Daughters of the American Revolution. 
(See view of typical monument given 
in Pl. II, A.) The tracks of the trail 
are 200 feet wide in many places and con- 
PE MME ae pda Cs * 
ie ele aL 
Sunflowers spread westward along the 
entire length of the trail and now mark its 
course at many places. 
TEES <6 Ses = ee 
Ss Sd 
ee 
