THE SANTA FE ROUTE. 19 
Just south of Barclay the ledge of Burlingame limestone is promi- 
nent to the west, and several small outliers of it cap knolls that stand 
east of the railway. 
Barclay. ; e 
a West of Reading the railway turns to the west and 
Elevation 1,171 feet. a ‘ ‘ . . 
Population 681.* within 2 miles rises over the ledge of Burlingame L:me- 
Kansas City 106 miles. stone, then goes across 75 feet of the overlying Willard 
shale to the Emporia limestone, which begins on a 
Reading. divide half a mile beyond milepost 100. This bed is 
Elevation 1,074 feet. Crossed again in the next divide to the southwest, and 
Population 289. also on the down grade descending to Neosho River, 
Bansas Gity U2 mmilss- hich is reached near milepost 108. The Neosho is a 
stream of moderate size carrying the drainage of a wide area of cast- 
central Kansas. In its north bank are bluffs of the Willard shale. 
South of the river is a long, wide flat extending 4 miles to and into 
Emporia. A mile east of the station at that place this line is joined by 
the Ottawa cut-off from Holliday. 
Emporia. Emporia, the county seat of Lyon County, is an 
Elevation 1,134 feet. important business center for a wide area of farming 
Konus City (armies Country and is the site of the State Normal School, 
by Topeka (112 which has 2,600 students. Emporia is the type 
miles by Ottaw®)- locality of the Emporia limestone, which here passes 
underground on its westward dip. 
[The itinerary west of Emporia is continued on p. 22.] 
HOLLIDAY TO EMPORIA BY WAY OF OTTAWA.! 
Some of the trains on the Santa Fe Route now d-verge from the old 
line at Hollidzy and take a more direct line nearly straight southwest 
by the Ottawa cut-off. This line runs over the plateau between 
Kansas and Osage rivers, then up the vallcy of the latter for some 
distance, and finally across the low but wide divide to Neosho River. 
On this line the railway crosses wide areas of shale and gradually 
riscs from one limestone ledge to another in the great succession of 
rocks of later Carboniferous age that constitute the surface of eastern 
Kansas. The outcrops of these limestones extend from southwest to 
northeast across the country in lines of low cliffs, above some of which 
are bare rocky slopes of varying width. As the beds dip to the west, 
each bed of limestone passes in succession beneath the overlying 
shale, so that the beds which crop out in the bluffs near Kansas City 
lie several hundred feet below the surface at Emporia. These rela- 
tions are shown in the cross section on sheet 1 (p. 14). On the other 
hand, the upper beds of limestone and shale, which crop out at the 
surface in the western part of the area, originally extended far to the 
east, but they have been removed by erosion down to the ! 
level of the country 
ily}, 1 ak 43, i 1 Se ae 
, 
