36 GUIDEBOOK OF TITE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
thick, which underlies the Tertiary deposits in a wide area in this 
vicinity. The river deposits in the valley of the Arkansas abut 
against the lower portion of this limestone at milepost 349 and for 
some distance west.! 
In approaching Dodge the railway again comes near the Arkansas 
River, the north bank of which is followed from Dodge westward. 
The wide bottom lands near the river are occupied by fields of grain 
and orchards. In this vicinity Coronado in 1541 reached this river, 
which he called the River of St. Peter and St. Paul. On the river, 5 
miles east of Dodge, is old Fort Dodge, now a soldiers’ home, but 
formerly an important frontier garrison on the Santa Fe Trail. Some 
of the old buildings remaining were headquarters of Gen. Custer and 
Gen. Miles in the days when Col. W. F. Cody (Buffalo Bill) and 
other famous scouts were aiding the United States Army to protect 
travelers and to subdue the Indians. The Indians were troublesome 
in this part of the West for some years after the Civil War was over, 
and there were massacres in western Kansas as late as 1874. 
Dodge, formerly known as Dodge City, was named for Gen. Henry 
Dodge, governor of Wisconsin Territory. It is now a commercial 
center for a wide adjacent region containing numer- 
ous farms and cattle ranches. This was a famous 
frontier town, the center of important lines of freight- 
ing, and headquarters of the cattle business, which 
att tained its maximum in 1884, when herds agegre- 
gating 800,000 cattle, in charge of 3,000 men, passed through Dodge 
from Texas on the way north. Much hunting was done in this 
region, for there were immense herds of buffaloes * and other game 
throughout central Kansas. (See Pl. IV, B, p. 28.) 
In the descent into Duck Creek, a 
Dodge. 
Elevation 2,478 feet. 
Population 3,214. 
Kansas City 368 miles. 
teristic of this formation. The relations 
branch of Sawlog Creek, 7 miles northeast 
of Dodge, there are very instructive ex- 
res of this basal limestone, 10 to 15 
feet thick, pebbly at the base, lying on 
20 feet of Greenhorn limestone. The two 
High Plain 
i Se 
3 See : a2 Tertiary rit’. si a3; : 
of the rocks here are shown in figure 5. 
2 Large circular pits, called buffalo wal- 
lows, are common on the 
omer to the average traveler. 
Alluvium 
eae ee sendatone f ane a =e 
Fieure 5.—Section of rocks in Sawlog Valley, northeast of Dodge, Kans. 
(b, cin fig. 5) form a white cliff that rims 
the valley to the north. The Greenhorn 
Hipestone sochuies, bode of eer: ane: 
layers of it are filled with i a a 
Sent ee shell ( visti ses labiatus) charac- 
spots or at places where 
alee, which 
there is salt or 
the animals lick. aes 
wears the sod thin, and then the wind 
soon blows out a cavity, or if water col- 
lects in it the mud is carried 0 ut in large 
