46 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
in 1861, included portions of Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, and 
Utah. The Civil War and depredations by Indians greatly retarded 
its development, but in 1876 the State was admitted to the Union. 
In 1910 the population was 799,024 and the density 7.7 to the mile, 
or nearly twice as great as in the census of 1890. 
Holly is a center for ranch and cattle interests. Three-quarters of 
a mile to the west, on the north side of the track, is a large beet-sugar 
factory, utilizing the sugar beets which are raised 
gee Colo. by irrigation in adjacent portions of the valley. The 
t. Santa Fe Trail passed through this place and its 
Popaation 724 location is marked by a granite monument opposite 
Kansas City 490 miles. ocatlo e Y 5 € PI 
the station. A short distance to the south is an old 
stone building built in 1873 for protection against Indians. In the 
vicinity of Holly, and thence to Amity, the valley slopes present few 
rock outcrops excepting occasional ledges of nearly horizontal beds of 
Greenhorn limestone. 
The village of Amity was created by the industrial division of the 
Salvation Army for the purpose of giving outdoor work to a colony of 
250 persons connected with that organization. It 
was started as ‘‘Fort Amity” in 1898, “with a tract of 
aphesripetntceloe a 1,800 acres. Considerable land has been cultivated, 
mainly for the production of sugar beets to send to 
the factory at Holly. The broad alluvial flats along the north side 
of the river are especially suited to the cultivation of this plant, 
which is irrigated by water brought in canals from higher up the 
valley. This industry is increasing, and now there are six factories 
between Pueblo, Colo., and Garden City, Kans., that have a total 
capacity of about 5,000 tons of beets a day. 
Just beyond milepost 480 the railway crosses Arkansas River, to 
continue on the south bank to La Junta. <A branch, however, 
intended for local service in the valley, especially i in connection with 
the sugar-beet industry, leaves the main line at Holly and follows 
the north slope of the valley as far as Rocky Ford, famous for its 
cantaloupes. In the Colorado portion of the Arkansas Valley, which 
the railway follows to La Junta, about 205,000 acres is irrigated from 
the river, and there are many ditches for distributing and several 
large reservoirs for storing water.' Fruit, grain, vegetables (includ- 
ing 27,350 acres of sugar beets), and lovnis crops are the principal 
products. 
29°09 
Amity. 
1 The mean discharge of the Arkansas | second. In dry times the flow dimin- 
at La Junta, determined by gagings by | ishes to less than 10 second-feet, and at 
the United States Geological Survey, | times of flood it has exceeded 10,000 
is 338 second-feet—that is, cubic feet a | second-feet. 
