48 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
Between mileposts 495 and 496 there is a long railway cut 5 to 10 
feet deep, through loam with interspersed beds of bowlders, gravel, 
and sand of the alluvial deposits that floor the valley and constitute a 
terrace slightly higher than the river flat to the east and west. 
material was deposited by the river a few thousand years ago, and 
the variations in coarseness and texture were caused by alternations 
of swifter and slower currents, the former bringing coarse materials 
and the latter depositing silt and sand. Changes of channel are fre- 
quent in Arkansas River, as in many other large streams. A notable 
illustration of such a change is visible halfway between mileposts 496 
and 497, where a new channel has been cut by a recent flood. 
Lamar, the seat of Prowers County, was named for L. Q. C. Lamar, 
a former Secretary of the Interior. It has extensive agricultural 
and cattle interests in the surrounding country. 
Besides several mills and factories, the town has a large 
cates hy iohagsy milk-condensing plant, supplied by many dairy farm- 
Kansas City 518 miles. €fS In the vicinity. In 1914 the milk of 2,000 cows 
was being condensed. There is also a beet-sugar fac- 
tory here, but of late it has not been in operation because the farmers 
in this vicinity have come to the conclusion that beet raising is not 
sufficiently profitable for them. Bees are kept in large numbers, 
and honey is an important local product. 
Very few rocks are visible in the vicinity of Lamar, although 
ledges of the Dakota sandstone appear in some of the slopes south- 
east of the town and at many places farther west along the valley. 
This rock becomes conspicuous in the river bluffs at Prowers and west 
of that place on both sides of the stream. It is exposed along or near 
the railway from milepost 509, 14 miles east of Prowers, nearly to 
Las Animas. Near milepost 520 the railway cuts expose shale, which 
separates some of the beds of Dakota sandstone at most localities. 
The predominant features of the formation, however, are the cliffs of 
massive coarse gray sandstone. This material is used to some exten 
as a building stone, although much of it is too slabby or irregular in 
texture or color to be of any great value for that purpose. 
Caddoa derives its name from the linguistic family of which the 
Pawnee and Wichita Indians of this vicinity were branches. Here 
the immediate river valley is narrow, bluffs of Dakota 
Caddoa, sandstone rising from the alluvial flat near the stream 
Blevation 3,706 fest. on both sides. .To the north these bluffs are sur- 
Population 329.* . 
Kansas City 537 miles. mounted by an irregular terrace covered with gravel 
and sand, and to the south they are interrupted by 
sandy slopes partly occupied by dunes. A well at Caddoa, bored 582 
feet deep, passed through the Dakota sandstone but did not obtain 
a very satisfactory water supply in its lower portion, and the water 
did not have sufficient pressure to come to the surface. 
Lamar. 
