157 
an altitude of 1,652 feet is attained. To the northeast are hills of 
volcanic tuff and ash, and one long butte capped with black lava 
(basalt). To the southwest is a group of hills of tuff with bodies of 
light-colored lava (rhyolite), which extends for some distance west. 
At milepost 684 the railway is just south of hills of volcanic tuff, 
capped with basalt, and just south of the track is the end of a lava 
flow at a lower level, upon which the train runs within a short dis- 
tance. At the next milepost the lava of this flow is exposed in rail- 
way cuts. It occupies a saddle or wide valley which extends westward 
past Ash Hill siding. Here the train passes over a divide (altitude 
1,944 feet) in a depression between the hills, to the north and south, 
which rise a hundred feet higher. The entire surface of the divide, as 
well as the adjoining slopes, is covered with a lava flow (basalt) of 
relatively recent age though not nearly so recent as the one in the 
basin near Amboy. The lava extends down the west slope also 
nearly to Ludlow; its source was probably in the hills north of Ash 
Hill siding, but no evidence of a crater was noted in that area. 
The Tonopah & Tidewater Railroad runs north from Ludlow (see 
sheet 23, p. 162) to Goldfield, Nev., noted for its rich gold mines, and a 
small branch road goes south 10 miles to the Bagdad- 
THE SANTA FE ROUTE, 
Ludlow. Roosevelt mine. Ludlow is in the south end of 
-Scleapeadl 1,779 feet, another basin, which extends far to the north. For 
opula 
a long time this basin has been receiving the drainage 
of a wide area of surrounding hills, so that the thick 
deposit of silt and sand which it contains includes evaporation prod- 
ucts as well. A deep boring (1,500 feet) at Ludlow and another (600 
feet) 8 miles to the north penetrated many sand beds containing 
water, but all the water carried so much salt that it could not be util- 
ized. The water for town and railway consumption is brought from 
the spring at Newberry by a daily train of tank cars. A short distance 
south of Ludlow are buttes and ridges of voleanic agglomerate and 
tuff containing sheets and intruded masses of light-colored lava 
(rhyolite) .* 
Kansas City 1, 614 miles. 
‘Nine miles south, at the Bagdad- 
Roosevelt mine, there are ridges of older 
‘igneous rocks (mainly monzonite por- 
phyry and latite). A sheet of breccia of 
considerable extent at this place carries 
gold and also in places rich copper ores, 
mented together by silica. 
are clearly exposed in outcrops and some 
of the shallower workings. Northwest of 
Ludlow there is a high rugged range 
97579°—Bull. 618—15——11 
known as the Cady Mountains, consisting 
of bright-colored volcanic tuffs and lavas 
(rhyolite), in large part of gr 
‘and bufftints. This seriesalso constitutes 
the hills and ridges northeast of Ludlow, 
but farther north, near Broadwell station 
miles northeast of Ludlow volcanic tuffs 
capped by black lava (basalt) are ex- 
posed, abutting against granite in the 
slope of the higher ridge on the north, 
