THE SANTA FE ROUTE. 87 
Ten miles from Albuquerque is the ruimed pueblo of Alameda 
(ah-lah-may’da, Spanish for row of cottonwoods). This was a 
Tigua village which was built upon the banks of the 
Alameda, Rio Grande, but owing to a change in the course of 
Elevation 4,980 feet. that variable stream, it lies now a mile from the river’s 
 aaapeeipenabibagt edge. Here Cardenas had 200 Indians burned at the 
stake, a crime for which he was thrown into prison 
when he returned to Spain. Like its companion villages of Puaray 
(at Bernalillo) and Sandia, Alameda was burned by the Spaniards at 
the time of the general uprising in 1680. 
To the east there are fine views of the west front of the Sandia 
Mountains. (See Pl. XIII, A, p.75.) Near Albuquerque it may be 
seen that this range is terminated on the south by a deep gap, 
south of which rises another range, of similar structure, known as the 
Manzano Mountains. 
The portion of Albuquerque (ahl-boo-care’kay) known as “old 
town” extends along the river bank a mile to the west; the part 
near the railway is much younger. The city was 
Albuquerque. founded in 1701 by Gov. Pedro Rodriguez y Cubero, 
Elevation 4,954 feet. who established 30 families there and applied to it 
Oe a or ua the name of the Duke of Alburquerque, who had 
been viceroy of New Spain. The duke, who never 
came to America, ordered the name changed to San Felipe de 
Alburquerque as a compliment to the reigning king. In the course 
of years the name has been reduced to one word and a slight change 
has been made in the spelling. Albuquerque was an important 
center in the Spanish and Mexican occupation, and Gen. Phil. 
Sheridan made it his headquarters until 1870. It is now the 
largest city in New Mexico and is an important commercial and 
industrial center. It is a railway division point, with large machine 
shops and a plant for creosoting railway ties. All the trains stop 
for half an hour or longer, close to the large Alvarado Hotel, named 
for Hernando de Alvarado, who accompanied Coronado on his 
journey of discovery and conquest. In one part of this beautiful 
building is an interesting salesroom of Indian goods, which is a 
museum of Indian arts. The entire building is in the mission style. 
Indians from Isleta frequent the corridor of this building, offering 
pottery and other products of their handicraft at low prices. 
In the eastern part of the city, about a mile from the station, are 
the State University buildings, of Pueblo Indian style, and in the 
old town to the west still stands the mission church of San Felipe de 
Neri, built in 1735. 
From Albuquerque an important branch of the Santa Fe c 
south down the Rio Grande valley to El Paso, and from this branch 
another diverges at Rincon to Deming, Silver City, and Lake Valley. 
continues 
