102 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
West of Wingate the railway continues along the red shale valley 
but gradually approaches much nearer to the foot of the great red 
cliffs than in the region farther east, affording particularly good views 
of some of their picturesque features. Due north of milepost 150 a 
remarkable rocky pinnacle, known as the Navajo Church (see Pl. 
XVII), may be seen. Its sharp spires of white sandstone, about 200 
— feet high, rise conspicuously above the rocky slopes at the top of the 
walls of red sandstone. It is a striking object, fashioned by the 
irregular erosion of the massive Zuni sandstone by rain and frost, and 
in some measure also by wind-blown sand. <A short distance to the 
west is Pyramid Rock (shown in Pl. XVI, A), a conical mass of the 
same material. 
Not far west of Zuni siding (milepost 152) the axis of the arch of 
the Zuni uplift is crossed, the beds on its crest pitching steeply to the 
northwest. West 
of the axis the beds 
all dip steeply to 
the west and south- 
west. This feature 
may be observed 
between mileposts 
153 and 155, espe- 
cially at the latter, 
where the railroad 
and creek pass 
through a narrow 
gap having walls of nearly vertical beds of the Dakota and overlying 
sandstones, as shown in Plate XVIII. This steep dip to the west 
carries these sandstones underground within a short distance, beneath 
coal-bearing sandstones that occupy a shallow basin to the west. (See 
Pl. XIX, A.) The change of dip from nearly vertical to horizontal 
is so rapid as to give the appearance of a fault in the slope north of 
the railway, but close scrutiny has shown that there is no appre- 
ciable break. The relations of this flexure are shown in figure 22. 
The narrow zone of steep dips extends all along the west side of 
the Zuni uplift, and the ridge marking its course may be seen bearing 
_ off to the south from the vicinity of milepost 156. The basin west of 
sand- 
ZL 
. i esaverde formation, Dakota 
stone, and underlying beds in and near the gap 3 miles east of Gallup, 
ex, 
nm of 
coal-bearing M. 
_ own about 30,000 cattle, 1,400,000 sheep, 
320,000 goats, and 250,000 horses, burros, 
and mules. In 1914 they sold 3,375,000 
pounds of wool from native sheep, and 
293,463 pounds of merino wool, valued in 
all at $465,000. 
Despite their history as predatory sav- 
ages, the Navajos are in general jovial, 
truthful, intelligent, and, as Indians go, 
industrious and capable. They have an 
ample vocabulary, a complex grammar, 
They have numerous 
schools scattered widely over the reserva- 
tion, and many of them are eager to have 
their children attend. About 10 per cent 
have tuberculosis, and 20 per cent have 
trachoma, a contagious eye affection. 
