THE SANTA FE ROUTE. 103 
this uplift contains an extensive area of sandstones and shales of 
later Cretaceous age (Mesaverde), including several beds of excellent 
subbituminous coal which are worked at a number of places. 
Gallup is a railway division point and meal station. Its principal 
industry is coal mining and most of the mines are in the immediate 
vicinity of the town.t. There are also two brick kilns 
Gallup. that make a large output. Many cattle, sheep, and 
ht cpr > ape goats are raised in the adjoining country, A large 
Population 2, 
Kansas City 1070 miles, number of Navajo and Zuni Indians come to Gallup 
to trade and each year bring in an increasing amount 
of wool for sale. Formerly they received their pay in merchandise, 
but now the clip of wool is so large that they receive considerable 
balances in cash. The Navajo Reservation is a short distance north 
of Gallup and 40 miles to the south is Zuni, one of the largest pueblos 
in the Southwest. This place is visited by many persons and is easy 
of access by vehicles from GaNup over fairly good roads. At Zuni 
there are ample facilities for taking care of visitors overnight. A 
special occasion is the Shalako dance, usually held in November. 
Zuni is one of the famous seven cities of Cibola, the objective 
point of the Spanish expedition under Coronado in 1540. The 
largest of these seven pueblos contained about 500 rooms. Some 
of the ruins of old Cibola are still to be seen. Near Zuni is the pre- 
cipitous-sided mesa of Toyalane, to which the Indians of this tribe 
fled whenever they feared invasion or punishment, remaining there - 
sometimes for many years, while their abandoned pueblos fell to 
ruins. The present pueblo of Zuni was built 200 years ago, and here 
was concentrated what remained of the people of Cibola. The United 
States has recently built a dam to hold water for irrigation at Zuni, 
an undertaking which is greatly appreciated by these progressive and 
prosperous Indians. Their population, which is 1,640, has remained 
about the same for the last 30 years. 
fora a time in large quantities. Even- 
1 The coal that is extensively mined 
t will be compressed into bri- 
tained i in the Mesaverde formation. “Tei is 
qualities, however, are not entirely satis- 
, the coal having a disposition to 
break up into fine slivers when exposed 
tion of sae water from the enacts = 
ATI Sas + 
_ off and to heat spontaneously when stored 
| ternation 
average Gallup coal contains about 42 
per cent of fixed carbon, 40 per cent of 
volatile combustible matter, 11 per cent 
of moisture, and 6 per cent of ash. The 
heating value is 11,700 British thermal 
units. In 1913 the production of coal 
from the Gallup region amounted to 
nearly 825,000 tons, valued at $1,367,364. 
The coal-bearing series consists of an al- 
of sandstone and shale. Ledges 
of sandstone crop out —_— around 
Gallup and for some 
