THE SANTA FE ROUTE, 73 
capped by the gray to buff sandstone of the same bed which caps 
Starvation Hill and the mesa southwest of Chapelle. 
At Pajarita (pah-ha-ree’ta), a small Mexican settlement north of 
the railway, 3 miles beyond Gise siding (see sheet 13, p. 88) and for 
a mile or two west of that place, the railway is on or near the top of the 
Magdalena, the same limestone as that which is exposed between 
mileposts 792 and 794. This limestone is deeply trenched by the Rio 
Pecos, which flows in a deep canyon 1 to 2 miles north of the railway 
in the vicinity of Pajarita and Rowe. The high mesa cuts off the 
view to the south, but there is in this region an extended vista to the 
north up the valley of the Rio Pecos and along the many rocky ridges 
constituting the southern extension of the Rocky Mountains. 
A short distance beyond milepost 819, 3 miles north of Rowe, the 
remains of Old Pecos Church are visible about 2 miles north of the 
railway, and they continue in sight to and beyond 
Rowe. Decatur siding, 1 mile beyond milepost 820. They 
Berten oe ee are shown in Plate XI, A (p.74). These ruins mark 
Kansas City 831 miles, the site of the old pueblo of Cicuye (see-koo’yay), 
which occupied a large area on the top and slopes of 
a long low ridge of red sandstone. 
The traveler is now entering the land of the Pueblo Indians, who 
have an interesting history, extending back many centuries. Th 
name Pueblo (pweb’lo) was applied to them by the earliest explorers 
because they lived in well-established permanent villages (pueblos 
in Spanish), in marked contrast to the transient camps of the nomadic 
tribes to the east and west. With the Spanish conquerors and after 
them came many self-sacrificing missionaries and other colonists 
from Mexico and Spain, endeavoring to civilize the Pueblo people. 
It is not easy to-day to appreciate the heroism of the men who so 
bravely entered this strange and isolated country and ruled its 
natives for 300 years. There were many struggles and massacres, 
and the early chronicles are touching in their evidence of a religious 
zeal that overcame severe privations. 
At the time of Coronado’s march of conquest there were reported 
to be 71 pueblos in New Mexico and eastern Arizona, but numerous 
remains of habitations of this character show that originally there 
were many more of them and that they occupied a much wider 
territory in ancient times. In the seventeenth century the mis- 
sionaries endeavored to concentrate the Pueblo people into fewer 
settlements, not alone to strengthen them against attacks from the 
savage nomadic tribes, but also to facilitate their conversion to 
Christianity. The revolt of the Pueblo people against Spanish 
authority, in 1680 to 1692, caused the abandonment of still more 
pueblos. Only about 20 pueblos are now occupied, and of these 
