. 
THE SANTA FE ROUTE. 75 
The decline of this stronghold began with its revolts against the 
Spaniards. Then followed sanguinary raids of hostile Indians, one 
band of Comanches killing nearly every man of the tribe. Epidemics 
also devastated their ranks, so that finally only 17 survivors remained. 
They were removed to the parent village, Jemez. When Maj. 
Emory passed through this region in 1848 he found that the place had 
been abandoned only recently and learned that the devotional fire 
had been kept burning in the estufa (a sacred ceremonial chamber 
found in alli the pueblos) until within a very few years. Now only the 
low mounds of ruins remain, except for the church, of which the 
heavy walls falling into ruins are still a landmark (ace Pl. XII, A), 
as in the days of the Santa Fe Trail. These ruins have recently 
been acquired by the Historical Society of New Mexico, which has 
made provision for their preservation. Half a mile away was the 
favorite eating station on the entire trail, where notably substantial 
meals were served, including delicious trout caught in the stream 
near by. In this part of his journey the traveler passes picturesque 
canyons, cliffs, and mesas of varicolored rocks, among which deep 
reds and browns are the prevailing tints. 
The train makes along, steep climb to Glorieta Pass, just west of 
Glorieta siding, where the road reaches an altitude of 7,421 feet in 
tots. a cut 30 feet deep through the summit.'| This pass 
ee is at the divide between the waters of the Pecos and 
evation 7,417 feet. 
Population 349.* those of the Rio Grande. To the north are fine 
Kansas City 841 miles 
* views of the high peaks of the Rocky Mountains. 
One of the higher pinnacles, known as Thompson Peak, 10,546 
feet above the sea, is about 7 miles northwest of Glorieta and 
plainly in view, and other peaks, some of them. 2,000 feet higher, 
may be seen farther north. The range which culminates in these 
peaks and whose axis is crossed at Glorieta is described as the Santa 
Fe Range by some authors and as the Glorieta Mountains by others, 
but the entire system of higher ridges constituting the southern 
extension of the Rocky Mountains is usually called the Sangre de 
1 The rocks at Glorieta station and in 
the slopes east and west are the lower 
members of the great series of red beds, 
in part of ‘atsienitd anian age, which are 
ext 
post T15. “The rocks in the: ont a are a ved 
cones of Walchia, an ancient type of 
cone-bearing trees nearest related to the 
pnd rage pine (Araucaria), now so 
conservatories. The fossil 
plants found i in this cut show the rots of 
the rocks to be Permian. The red 
most of which were laid down in ek 
water, extend some distance up the slopes — 
of the ridge north of the cut, where eri : 
they riso rapidly into 
that constitute the main 
