THE SANTA FE ROUTE, AST 
an exceedingly irregular surface of the granite, fillmg up valleys 
and burying low peaks and ridges, as shown in figure 33. It was 
poured out in relatively recent geologic time, but before the valley 
of Truxton Wash was cut to the depth which it now has near Crozier 
and below. 
At Valentine is a school for the Hualpai Indians on a reservation 
of 730,000 acres. They are a branch of the Yuman tribe and are 
closely allied to the: Supai or Havasu Indians living 
in Cataract Canyon. There are about 500 of these 
Hualpai Indians, the remnant of a large tribe which 
once controlled a wide area in the middle Colorado 
Valley. They were famous for their prowess in hunting and their 
general enterprise, but are making little progress toward civilization. 
The granite in the gorge from Valentine to Hackberry is character- 
istic of much of the granite in the ranges of western Arizona. It is 
very massive and coarse-grained and weathers out in typical rounded 
forms or huge bowlders. This process is facilitated by numerous 
joints! which cause the rock to break into large blocks; these 
blocks on weathering soon lose their corners, so that the resulting 
pinnacles and masses have rounded forms. 
Hackberry is sustained mainly by a few small mines and ranches 
in the adjoining region. Here the train passes northwestward out 
of the granite gorge into the wide desert slope or 
Hackberry. plain known as Hualpai Valley. (See Pl. XX XVII, 
Sater 8,554 feet. A, p. 140.) The Peacock Mountains, a granite ridge 
ee hae of considerable prominence, project out of 1t on the 
west; on its east side are granite slopes surmounted 
by the lava-capped plateau. The westward-facing edge of this pla- 
_ teau, extending far south from Hackberry, is known as the Cotton- 
Ww s. 
At Antares the railway reaches the summit of the low northern 
extension of the Peacock Mountains, the granite of which crops out 
on both sides of the track. A few miles north and 
[hee northeast are the precipitous slopes of the Grand 
eat a feet. Wash Cliffs; which extend far to the north, crossing 
mes PBEM: Colorado River 75 miles north of this place, at the 
western outlet or termination of the Grand Canyon. 
ese cliffs form the last step in the descent across the great succes- 
sion of sedimentary rocks constituting the high plateau of Arizona. 
They are capped by the lower part of the Redwall limestone, lying on 
Ne fie 
Valentine. 
Elevation 3,788 feet. 
Kansas City 1,405 miles. 
‘Joints in rocks are cracks, generally | intersect other sets at approximately 
to. shri constant angles. Joints differ from faults 
i ing much smaller fractures that show 
- various directions or may be arranged | little or no slipping of the rock along 
in sets of nearly parallel cracks which | the break. 
