138 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
500 feet or more of sandstones and shale of the Tonto group, and have 
a long rugged lower slope of granite descending to the Hualpai 
Valley. The line of the escarpment is nearly straight. Part of its 
height is apparently due to a fault passing along its western foot, with 
uplift on the east side, as shown in figure 34. This fault probably has 
a displacement of 1,000 feet or more, as indicated by the extent to 
which the strata are elevated. : 
At the Grand Wash Cliffs the plateau country ends, for although 
some of the ridges of voleanic rock to the west have tabular surfaces 
the great plateaus of nearly level sandstones and limestones which 
occupy a large portion of Arizona and New Mexico cease at these 
cliffs. In northwestern Arizona, southern Nevada, and California 
north of the Santa Fe Railway the desert basins are separated by 
ridges that trend northward. The Peacock Mountains, south of 
Antares, are the first of these ridges, and many others will be seen in 
the journey west to Colorado River and in southeastern California. 
Doubtless the sedimentary rocks of the high plateau extended 
across most or all of this area in former times, but they have been 
ted Gti say Redwall 
a . 
SS SS TJ limestone 
Hualpai Valley 
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see CLAN Gm" 
Lae, ' nba 
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Figure 34.—Section of the Grand Wash Cliffs, north of Hackberry, Ariz., looking north. 
broken into blocks by numerous faults and mostly removed, leaving 
the underlying granite bare. In places, however, the granite was 
covered later by great masses of volcanic material which are the most 
prominent features of the area. 
m Antares to Kingman the railway ascends Hualpai (wahl’pie) 
Valley, a typical flat-bottomed desert valley, which extends north to 
Colorado River. It presents wide areas of smooth land with excellent 
soil and mild climate, which would yield large returns to agriculture if 
water were available for its reclamation. There is, however, but very 
little water underground, and although at the lower part of the valley 
is Colorado River, which carries a vast quantity of water, this stream 
lies more than 2,000 feet lower than the district visible from the rail- 
way. Pumping water to that height for irrigation is now regarded 
as impracticable. 
At the south end of the Hualpai Valley, south of Berry siding and 
_ east of Louise siding, rise the Hualpai Mountains, a high ridge con- 
sisting mainly of granite, similar to the Peacock Mountains. On 
the west side of Hualpai Valley, as seen from points between Hack- 
berry and Louise siding, there is a high ridge known as Black Mesa, 
