2 
- flows of black lava (basalt). 
THE SANTA FE ROUTE, 139 
consisting of a succession of sheets of rocks of voleanic origin of a 
character not found in the region farther east but occupying large 
areas in the country to the west.! 
Kingman (see sheet 21, p. 148) is sustained mainly by extensive 
mining operations in the adjoining mountains. The mines have been 
opened for many years, and some of them have pro- 
duced a large amount of ore. The principal mines 
Pen auen 3336 feet are in the Cerbat Mountains, 8 or 10 miles.north of 
‘opulat: 
KansasCity 1,437miles. Kingman, and are woamied by a railway which 
branches from the main line at McConnico. Some 
of the ore is brought to Kingman for reduction. 
West of Kingman there are railway cuts in the volcanic series which 
extends south from Black Mesa. These cuts show that there are 
several flows of rhyolite separated by thick beds of fragmental mate- 
Tl The lavas issued from vents and flowed more or less widely on 
all sides, the earliest one apparently filling the inequalities of an 
imegular surface of granite. The tuff consists of coarse voleanic ash 
Kingman. 
» Higher members of 
- volcanic series in 
¢ mountain tothe north. 
‘-} 
Qo 
‘ hewn SOW ap 
vi We 
fu acsivele ae a jay’ Brisiet 
val 
2. 
Louise 
ours 3: 35.—Section canine relation of volcanic asan between Louise rune McConnico, Ariz., 
looking northwes 
blown out of the craters or cracks of eruption at intervals between 
the lava flows. Some features of the succession in the canyon 
between Kingman and McConnico are shown in figure 35. The beds 
lie nearly horizontal, and the railway descends across their edges on 
the down grade through the canyon. The granite floor is reached 
They were poured out over the surface in 
flows, in most places to a thickness of 100 
feet or more. The tuff is fine-grained 
material, differing from the basalt cinder 
in being less coarsely cellular. It is 
' The succession consists of an alterna- 
tion of lava flows of various kinds, mostly 
rhyolite, with thick beds of light-colored 
tuff and volcanic ash, in part capped by 
These rocks 
are in thick sheets, which in Black Mesa 
dip at a low angle to the east. They are 
Much older than the late lava flows 
— of the Ash Fork country and the 
San Francisco Mountains, but may be of 
the same or nearly the same age as the 
older lavas of the San Francisco Moun- 
Peak, and Mount Floyd. 
Undoubtedly these lavas were once 
much more extensive than at p: 
| be i they have been uplifted, tilted, 
e part removed by erosion. 
mostly of light color and consists mainly 
of ash and fine-grained pumice blown out 
of craters and deposited in great sheets 
over the lava flows or other surfaces. In 
most places it has in turn been covered 
by later lava flows, the eruptions consist- 
ing of alternations of lava outflows and 
material ejected in ftagmental condition. 
There were also mud flows co: of 
materials similar to the tuff and ashes but 
places to a thickness of 50 feet or more. 
