THE SANTA FE ROUTE. 107 
. considerable distance. They are gray and purple shales with layers 
ieee 
of gray sandstone, some of which are sufficiently thick and hard to 
form low mesas that rise at intervals far to the north and south. 
A short distance west of Houck siding the train enters a canyon 
about 2 miles long, the walls of which consist of the hard, coarse sand- 
stone that underlies the shales exposed to the east. 
This rock is regarded as the eastward continuation 
> Naippraieetesie of the Shinarump conglomerate, which is conspicuous 
in the country to the northwest. The dip to the west 
carries this sandstone below the surface west of the canyon, and 
rolling hills of red shales with gray sandstone layers continue west- 
ward to Winslow and beyond. These rocks are exposed here and there 
in shallow cuts along the railway and in’ the slopes of the adjoining 
hills and low mesas. They lie nearly flat. 
A 303-foot well at Chambers affords a supply of water rising within 
60 feet of the surface. . 
The first Territorial capital of Arizona was near Navajo, and there 
has been an Indian trading post there since 1863. Jacobs Well, 
an important water hole, is not far south. Near 
Re milepost 218 the train passes through a shallow 
Kansas City 1,134 miles, canyon in red shale which is capped by a thin deposit 
ay sandstone. These beds have a scarcely per- 
ceptible dip and constitute the surface along the slopes of the Rio 
Puerco valley past Pinta siding and Adamana, with remarkable uni- 
ormity over a wide area. The Rio Puerco in this region has a 
bed of considerable width and high banks, but most of the time it is 
dry or nearly so, as shown in Plate XX, A. 
The ‘Petrified Forest,” or series of petrified forests, lies a short dis- 
tance south of Adamana, and the trip to it is made from that sta- 
ee tion. A small hotel provides accommodations for 
ee a travelers. The distance to the farthest point usually 
sa hoe visited is 9 miles, and this tour can be made in a day 
or less. In the region south of Adamana there are 
four “forests,” the first 6 miles out, the second 83 miles, the third 
13 miles, and the fourth, the “Rainbow Forest,” about 2 miles north- 
west of the third. They are included in a Government reservation. 
called “Petrified Forest National Monument,” created by President 
Roosevelt in 1906 and placed in charge of the Secretary of Agricul- 
t The name “forest” is not appropriate, for the petrified tree 
trunks are all prostrate and are broken into sections. (See Pl. XXI.) 
The logs are the remains of trees that grew in Triassic time. The 
trees were of several kinds, most of them being related to the Nor- 
folk Island pine (Araucaria excelsa), now used for indoor decoration. 
gigantic fossil trees are of later date than those represented 
Houck. 
Navajo. 
_ by the cones and twigs in the beds at Glorieta Pass, and, as might 
be expected, they resemble the living Araucarias more closely. They 
