THE SANTA FE ROUTE. 118 
of rock and sand blown out of the hole. (See Pl. XXV, B.) The 
beds of rock in the walls of the hole are Kaibab limestone at the 
top and Coconino sandstone below, both more or less upturned near 
the hole and in part considerably shattered. The relations are shown 
in figure 23. The best view of Crater Mound is obtained from points 
near milepost 309. 
West of Sunshine there is a nearly continuous exposure of the 
Kaibab limestone to Flagstaff, and this rock also extends far to the 
north, south, and southwest. As the slope is ascended northwest of 
Sunshine siding there is a fine view of the Painted Desert far to the 
northeast, and beyond it may be seen dimly the high promontories 
or plateaus on which the Hopi villages are built. 
D2) 
Sn 
CS} 
= 
Supai sandstone,red 
Coat MM, ad. Ariz 
, 
Fal Tina’ 
FIGURE 23.—G 
A short distance beyond Canyon Diablo station the railroad 
crosses the canyon on a long steel bridge, affording a very good 
; view of this interesting feature. (See Pl. XXVI.) 
ee he canyon is steep walled, about 225 feet deep, 
* Llevation 5,420 feet. 550 feet wide, and entirely in the Kaibab limestone. 
ansas Cf y 1,233 miles. ? : 
The beds, which are thick and massive, are nearly 
horizontal and appear as huge steps descending to the bottom of the 
canyon. 
Just beyond Hibbard siding is another canyon known as Canyon 
Padre (pah’dray), not as deep as Canyon Diablo, but of similar shape. 
Both of them are excellent illustrations of the results of erosion in 
hard limestone by streams of considerable slope. The flow is tran- 
sient, for only at times of rainfall is there any water in them, but then 
the current is swift and the water carries much sand, which vigorously 
cuts away the limestone. 
West of Canyon Padre there may be seen ahead and to the north 
many knobs and ridges rising above the plateau surface. They 
consist of volcanic rocks which cover a wide area to the northwest 
tions. A somewhat similar hole or crater 
zone of explosion were in the overlying 
Coconino sandstone, which is much the | holds the Zuni Salt Lake, 115 miles to the 
more porous material. The locality isin | southeast. From its center rise two very 
‘the midst of a region of former great vol- | recent cinder cones, one with a arf - 
canic activity, for although there are no | ter in its top The rim surroun 
lava flows in the immediate vicinity of | big hole consists of a mixture of volcanic 
the hole there are large outflows and | ejecta and fragments of roc 
vents not many miles away in all direc- | below the surface. 
