Vol. KG bes 6.] The Revenue Regulations of Aurangzib. 225 
N.S 
P: 
materials of cultivation, they should get tagavi from the Govern- 
ment, because, as the king is the owner {of the land], it is proper 
that when the cultivators are helpless they should be supplied 
with the materials of agriculture. e emperor’s desire is the 
first. And threatening, beating and ee ee are [ordered] 
with this view that, as the king is the owner, [and] iba a likes 
mercy and ‘ii tiuk-athitienliine e it is ecleiate that the ryots too 
should, according to their own custom, make great exertions to 
increase the cultivation, so that the signs of agriculture may daily 
increase. This thing is the cause of the gain of the State and the 
sage of the — : 
ird. out fiwed revenue: If the a. is too 
get hee ge atin al implements and runs away leavin wes the 
land idle, give the land to another on lease or ay [direct] culti- 
vation [as a tenant at will?], and take the amount of the revenue 
from the lessee in case of lease, or from the share of the owner in 
case of [direct] cultivation. If any surplus is left, pay it to the 
owner. Or, substitute another man in the place of the [former] 
owner, in order that he may, by can it, pay the revenue 
[Omwonontory, 114, 6: ts wisas has about t giving 
lease, entrusting to cultivators for [direct ] th eltivation, taking the 
amount of the revenue from the lessee [in case of lease e] and from 
ment of Government revenue upon the ti AL y a) ¢ jovenii ting the 
sale-proceeds of his owner’s right to the removal of his own needs. 
As for the words “‘substitute another man for the [former] owner,’ 
the rightful substitute for a proprietor dest be none but his 
heir, and this is the distinctive mark of o i 
the word ‘substitute’ as us ere m rmeans’ fa ‘a substitute for the 
B hich a man, afte 
and haying agreed to its assessment for revenue pays the revenue 
to the State,—such a man has [tru e] tenant’s right to the land he 
cultivates, because he is the agent of reclaiming the land. The 
i o can ; 
king. It is.a well-known maxim, “Whosoever wields the sword, 
the coins are stamped in his name,” As for the expression “ pay 
