228 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. (June, 1906. 
amount is fixed, accept it, provided that if it be Kharaj, the 
Government share should not exceed one-half, lest the ryots be 
ruined by the exaction. Otherwise reduce the former Kharaj and 
fix whatever the ryots can easily pay. If the land is capable of 
e. 
ntary, 118, a:—In the sixth clause: The wish of the 
benevolent Emperor is that the revenue should be so fixed that the 
‘peasantry may not be ruined by payment of it. The land belongs 
to the king, but its cultivation depends on the ryots; whenever 
the ryots desert their places and are ruined, i.e., when they are 
crushed by the excessive exactions and oppression of the officers, 
one can easily imagine what the condition of the cultivation would 
be. Hence urgent orders are issued in this clause. And the 
statement in the last portion, “If the land is capable of paying 
more than the fixed amount, take more,” is contrary to the order 
in the first portion of the same clause. Probably it is an error of 
the scribe. He must have imagined that as this passage is insistent, 
it ought to be read as ‘take.’ The reason is that in the first 
portion there is a total prohibition [of taking more revenue], 
a although it can pay more, do not take more than one-half,” and 
again here the Emperor orders “do not take more than the pre- 
scribed amount,” such an order strengthens the first order, nay 
more, the repetition of the order is for the purpose of strong 
insistence. 
Seventh You may change fixed revenue (muazzaf) into 
share of crop (mugdsema), or vice versa, if the ryots desire it ; 
otherwise not. 
_ , L¥ommentary : —The order for changing one kind of revenue 
into another at the wish of the ryots is for their convenience. | 
_ _ Bighth—The time for demanding fixed revenue is the harvest- 
ing of every kind of grain. Therefore, when any kind of grain 
pt the stage of harvest, collect the share of revenue suited 
order is to seek their convenience 
th.—In lands subject to fixed revenues, if any non-preven™ 
table calamity overtakes a sown field, you ought to inquire care- 
b ly, and grant remission to the extent of the calamity, as requir’ 
ce os = nature of the case. And in realising ear s 
rom the remnant. thata a uce 
may be left to the ts. » See that a net one-half [of the pro 
ra Shee ge » 118,6:—“If Khardj-i-muazzaf has been fixed 
sacs and, and a calamity befalls some crop of the land by which 
1s not totally destroyed, then you ought to inquire into the case, 
i 
— 
' Text has mahsul, which may also mean ‘ revenue.’ 
