UE a eee Aan Oe ee ne 
Vol. Ll, No. 1.) ’ The Origin of Mankind. 13 
[N.8.] 
enjoinments to degenerate. As two of the four vices, #.c., adultery 
and theft, now prevailed in this world, this age became known by 
the name Dwapar, 7.e., after “two,” or in Tibetan Ni-dan,* the age 
in which two of the root-vices prevailed. Its duration was esti- 
mated at 8,640,000 years. 
Thereafter began the present age, with the institution of farm- 
ing lords (in Europe, fuedal-lords), When peaceful measures failed 
to govern the people, the necessity of inflicting corporeal punish- 
ment, and death-sentence for heinous crimes, arose. The fear of 
punishment now brought lying and perjury into existence. The 
four fundamental vices, v7z., adultery, theft, murder, and lying, 
were now recognized as great crimes, in consequence of which this 
age was called Kali yuga, or the age of strife and feuds.® Its 
duration was 432,000 years. 
Origin of the five great races of Jambudvipa.! 
The origin of the royal race has been described above. Such 
people as being averse to work and householder’s life retired to 
1 ALANA TARE | ‘ ATARI | 
: Qa SeTSS Byer aa | RNY 
STN BNA] BESS] SAAN 
1 This paper embodies the translations of a few paragraphs from Pag- 
sam jonzan ACA ANA ayaac pp. 16 and 17. 
