306 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [July, 1906. 
The duties of the Kongdus to Government are to pay the 
annual tribute and to provide any transport or supplies that 
the Government may require. This falls under the following 
heads: Ula—supply of coolies ; mi-hrang—supply of messenger ; 
tao—supply of transport and riding mules and ponies ; khyem— 
supply of yak transport; tsa-thre—supply of grass ; shing-thre— 
supply of wood ; thab-yog—supply of personal servants to officers 
while on tour. 
e revenue paid to the Tibetan Government consists of 
40 srangs (Rs. 100) for the grazing rights on the Lingma thang 
plain and on the hills ; 120 bundles of bamboos, 60 wooden beams 
and 8 maunds of tsod leaves, which are used for dyeing. ‘To meet 
these and other expenses, the Kongdus assess the land rent, a 
ly appointed Kongdus and remain in force for their term of 
The people have absolute confidence in the Kongdus, and as 
they are men of sufficient substance, could recover from them in 
case of default; but I was told that such a case had never occur- 
d. The Kongdus, apart from public opinion, are also re- 
funds would bring them divine punishmen isfortune 
They render a quarterly account of expenditure to the 'sho-pas, 
who assemble for the pu . e Kongdus are exempted from 
are invariably res a 
working of this system when I was in Chumbi, as all supplies 
