59 



developed. This form occurs as a variety in the summer 

 brood in Central and Southern Europe, and in North Africa, 

 but appears to be of more constant occurrence in the Ural 

 mountains. It has also been found in India. 



Artaxerxes, Fab. has a white spot on fore wing in both sexes, 

 and often there are no orange spots on the upper surface of 

 the" male ; on the under surface the black spots are obsolete. 



Salmacis, Steph. The male of this form has no orange 

 spots on upper surface of the fore wings, and on the under 

 surface the black spots are very small ; the female has the 

 white spot oi artaxerxes on the upper surface of fore wings. 

 This form is known as the " Durham argus," but all Durham 

 specimens of astrarche are not of this form, some of them 

 vary in the direction of artaxerxes to a greater degree than 

 the form named and described by Stephens, whilst others, 

 the majority, are more or less typical astrarche. 



A form of astrarche occurs in the Canary Islands with 

 very broad and bright orange bands on both wings. This 

 form is occasionally found, somewhat modified, in Europe, 

 and even in England. Regarding the variation of the 

 species in connection with its distribution, we find that de- 

 velopment of the orange markings increases in direct accord 

 with the insect distribution to the southward, and this orna- 

 mentation becomes most complete in the Canaries. 



Specimens with the black discoidal spot on forewings, 

 tncircled with white, have been observed in South England, 

 and other parts of Europe, but this is the nearest approach 

 we have to the whole spot of artaxerxes and salmacis. 



Lyc(zna astrarche occurs in all parts of Europe, except the 

 Polar Regions ; it is found in North Africa, Canary, Asia 

 Minor, Kouldja, Askold, Amurland, the Altai, the Western 

 Himalayas, Kashmir and Ladak. In some parts of its range 

 in India, astrarche (alias nazird) is found at elevations of from 

 6,000 to 10,000 feet. 



Mr. R. Adkin exhibited Peronia hastiaiia, L., bred from 

 larva received from the Isle of Man, the prevailing form being 

 of a bone colour ; also Hepialus sylvinus, L., taken in Kent, 

 and called attention to a peculiar habit of the species of 

 hanging from the herbage when in copula, which gave the 

 specimens the appearance of a dead leaf swinging about in 

 the herbage. Mr. Tugwell remarked that occasionally the 

 females of the genus Hepialus, were met with very much 

 larger than the ordinary examples, notably //. velleda. 



Mr. Tugwell exhibited typical forms of EupitJiecia satyrata, 

 Hb., both from English and Scotch localities ; also the vars. 



