Ul 



Mr. Carrington mentioned an instance of a large quantity of 

 wine in Norway having been soured by the corks being per- 

 forated by the ravages of a larvse. 



Mr. Forrester exhibited Bombyx qicerms, L., var. calltmcs, 

 Palmer, from Perth. Some observations were made as to. the 

 transformations being quite distinct, quercus passing the winter 

 in the larval stage, while callitnce pupated in the autumn, and 

 passed the winter in that condition. It was, however, pointed 

 out that in some years larvee of quercus fed up slowly, and 

 pupated in the autumn. Many were reported as having been 

 taken, full-fed, in the Warren at Folkestone during August 

 and September. 



Mr. Oldham exhibited among other species a black var. of 

 Cerastis spadicea, Hb., from his garden near Epping Forest, 

 and a specimen oi Apamea ophiogramma, Esp., taken in the 

 Forest. 



Mr. Tugwell exhibited Melanippe galiata, Hb., from Hud- 

 dersfield, and for comparison southern forms of the species, 

 and remarked that the Yorkshire specimens were much 

 darker than the southern type, the central fascia being 

 almost black ; also that the Huddersfield specimens were a 

 trifle smaller than ours. 



Mr. W. H. Tugwell also exhibited some parasitic fungi, 

 and made the following remarks : — " The fungus shown is 

 probably one of the Entomophthorae,^ a tribe of fungi para- 

 sitic on insects, one of which, Evipusa imiscce, kills so many 

 house flies in the autumn, the dead bodies of which are so 

 frequently seen sticking to our window panes. The fungi in 

 question appeared in a pupa cage, in which some 80 pupae of 

 Scotosia certata had buried themselves, apparently in the 

 most healthy condition possible. The larvse had been fed 

 up on their natural foodplant, Berberis vulgaris, and not a 

 single death had occurred in the brood from the o.g'g to pupa- 

 tion ; but about a month after this a most suspicious-looking 

 fungoid growth appeared, pushing- up through the soil in all 

 directions, shooting up in white twig-like points half an inch 

 or more high. On carefully removing the soil it was at once 

 evident that each little patch of fungus sprang from the killed 

 pupa of certata ; in fact, every one of the 80 had succumbed 

 to its deadly action. The pupae that had first fallen victims 

 to this fungoid parasite were entirely enveloped in it, so that 

 it was only by breaking them in half that the host was seen 

 to be the killed certata. Other of the pupae, later victims of 



^ A fungus, too, produces on silkworms a disease called muscadine, and causes 

 a great loss to silk growers. — W. H. T. 



