74 



species of Lyccena were met with, L. icarus, Rott., L. bellargus, 

 Rott., and L. corydon, Fb., all commonly, L. astrarcke, Bgstr., 

 somewhat less so, and L. minima, Fues., a single specimen on the 

 2 1 St August. Hesperia thaumas, Hufn., and H. syivanus, Esp., 

 were frequently met with, but generally in a worn condition, and an 

 example of H. comma, L., was taken near Caesar's camp. 



Zygczna filipendulcE; L., was very abundant during the whole of 

 August, and even at the very end of the month perfectly fresh 

 specimens were of by no means uncommon occurrence. I spent 

 a good deal of time examining them for varieties, and in doing so 

 was much struck by the large number of cripples that I came across. 

 As a rule they were females, and from observations I was then able 

 to make, 1 am inclined to think that the deformity was often caused 

 by the too early attentions of the opposite sex. I several times 

 found males paired with females whose wings were still limp ; in one 

 case the wings on one side of the female were fully developed, but 

 on the other were much crumpled and filled with an excess of fluid ; 

 while in another they were distorted on both sides, apparently 

 having been pressed out of position by the male before they were 

 fully dry. I also noted that frequently the insects were feeding on 

 knapweed flowers while paired. Such variation as I found was 

 frequent, but not of a very striking character, and consisted chiefly 

 in the confluence of one or other pair of spots ; or, on the other 

 hand, in the reduction of size of the spots, — in one case the sixth 

 being reduced to a mere dot. Zygcena trifolii^ Esp., was, of course, 

 over before I reached Folkestone, but five specimens that were taken 

 in the neighbourhood, and very kindly given to me by Mr. Austin, 

 showed great variation in the width of the black margin of the hind- 

 wings, it being unusually broad in two of them, and in one of these 

 the spots on the fore-wings were large and partially confluent ; while 

 in the other they were small and separate. In the other three the 

 black margin of the hind-wings was narrow, and the spots on the 

 fore-wings confluent in two specimens ; while in the third, those on 

 the right side only were connected by a narrow red line, forked be- 

 yond the fifth spot. 



I am also indebted to this gentleman for five specimens of 

 Dianihcecia carpopliaga, Bork., that were taken at Silene flowers earlier 

 in the season ; three of them have the ground colour ot the wings 

 almost white, and the markings in varying shades of grey, thus 

 producing a very pretty, and, I believe, unusual form ; while the 

 other two are of the pale brownish type most frequently met with on 

 the south coast. 



One other species to which I paid some little attention was 

 Bryophila perla, Fb. A considerable series taken on walls facing 

 the sea, showed some amount of variation in the tone of colour, the 

 extremes being an almost white ground with pale grey markings, and 

 a somewhat buff ground with dark grey markings. A series taken 

 on inland walls shows a similar range of variation ; but as compared 



