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in May and June, but is most abundant in the hot days of July 

 and August. 



Pieris protodice is the " white " par excellence of the Indian terri- 

 tory, and the larva feeds like its congener, P. rupee, upon the cruci- 

 ferous plants of the garden. Of the latter, I only have one specimen 

 from the Indian ground, which I bred from a pupa found on cabbage. 

 At St. Louis, however, P. rapes is common, though not the pest it is 

 in the Eastern States and Canada. P. protodice is most abundant in 

 July, but is met with practically all the summer. 



Colias eurytheme. Here we have a bone of contention. British 

 Lepidopterists say they cannot see any difference between this insect 

 and C. edusa, and until I had actually compared my series of eury- 

 theme with edusa, I was of the same opinion. On a close examination, 

 I think that they are distinct will be patent enough. 



In my box will be seen examples of eurytheme of the spring 

 brood, occurrmg at St. Louis in the latter part of April and be- 

 ginning of May, according to the season, the variety corresponding 

 to our var. helice will be noticed here. But it is the summer brood 

 which is likely to be confounded with edusa ; my specimens are all 

 from Sequoyah in the middle of May, the normal time of emer- 

 gence of the second brood in this southern locality, I did not 

 collect the female, though I afterwards observed it common with 

 the late males. There is also a series of the summer form from 

 Mexico, males and females, which shows little difference from my 

 Sequoyah specimens. Lastly, there are three specimens taken at 

 St. Louis in September, when the species literally swarmed. The 

 male is of the spring form, while the females favour the summer 

 variety. One female is curious as showing an intermediate colouring 

 between the spring and summer forms. A series of ordinary edusa 

 is included in the box for comparison. 



Turning to the summer brood the following marked differences 

 will be noticed : — The American insect has the costal margin 

 always lemon yellow in both sexes, and there is less black powdering 

 on the inner margin of the secondaries giving a paler appearance to 

 this region ; also the black borders of the primaries are more 

 strongly sprinkled with yellow than we find in our edusa, and the 

 nervures are carried right through ; the black discoidal spots are 

 smaller than is the case with edusa. These characters are more 

 strongly marked in the Mexican specimens. Edusa, on the other 

 hand, is decidedly an orange insect, the only parallel var, that I 

 know of being the form helice, which is common to both species ; 

 also it is a more robust insect, but there is no need to particularise 

 since everyone knows edusa. It should, moreover, be borne in 

 mind, when coming to a decision as to the identity or otherwise of 

 these two allied species that American Lepidopterists are able to 

 breed their insect since it is so common, and thus study the early 

 stages. I believe the larvae feed on clover, and I have seen the 

 females in the act of ovi-positing on the common Trifolium medium. 



