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species to its environment, we must conclude that the under- 

 surface modifications correspond to the differences in the 

 conditions that are proper to each species ; whilst the varia- 

 tions of the upper surface are related to the great range in 

 some other conditions — such, perhaps, as climate or altitude — 

 that most of the species are able to accommodate them- 

 selves to. 



" The specimens exhibited are all that I took of each 

 species, except a few in even poorer condition than those 

 shown, and only suitable for laboratory purposes. They 

 show, therefore, how far each species is of uniform type at 

 the place where they were captured, — that is, the range of 

 variation of the mass of individuals, apart from extreme 

 forms or aberrations. 



" I think there is greater variation than there would be 

 found amongst a similar group of English individuals. This 

 is rather hard, however, to be sure of, for two reasons : first, 

 that most accessible British series consist not of the first 

 score or hundred that might be taken, but of a pair or so of 

 assumed type, and the remainder of varieties selected from 

 a large number ; and secondly, because in taking a long 

 (though my series are by no means long) series of almost 

 any species one finds the amount of variation is considerably 

 greater than one's preconceived prejudices prepared one for, 

 and that may be my attitude as to these specimens. 



" With regard to selene and euphrosyne, I think the selene 

 from Soeterstcen are paler than Scotch specimens, and not 

 perhaps very far from English forms ; whilst those from 

 Bossekop are largely the variety hela, and many of them are 

 nearly devoid of silver spots beneath. 



"The euphrosyne are, I think, darker than English speci- 

 mens ; but as to this I will leave the matter to be judged by 

 those who have a greater and more recent familiarity with 

 English euphrosyne than I have. 



The aphirape are almost entirely the variety ossianus, 

 marked by a greater development of silvery spots beneath, 

 and by the ante-marginal row of spots of the upper wing 

 above, having the apical one very distinct. In the series 

 shown this forms a specifically distinctive mark separating 

 these from sele7ie and euphrosyne, but is really only a varietal 

 character ; in other respects many of the specimens could 

 not be distinguished from selene. The ante-marginal row of 

 black spots on the hind wing are often united to the mar- 

 ginal chevron line ; this is very rare in selene and euphrosyne, 

 except as regards the terminal ones. 



