26 



given favourable weather, I do not doubt a very successful bag may 

 be obtained. 



Nofiagria typhce. — I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Jager for 

 the opportunity for the first time of making acquaintance with the 

 pupse of this species. It was in a very secluded spot on private ground 

 that Mr. Jager took me, and in about half an hour I had cut out no 

 less than twenty-eight pupje in an area not more; than three yards 

 square. The bulrushes were very large ; indeed, to take the rushes, as 

 some collectors suggest, would have been a big task. With constant 

 care, and painting the pupre with water, etc., I succeeded in getting out 

 twelve perfect imagines, and about ten others which either damaged 

 themselves or were cripples. I rather closely examined the re- 

 maining pupae the other day to look for a frontal process, such 

 as Dr. Chapman described to us a short time ago in the case of the 

 Processionary Moth {Cnethocainpa pityocampa). Finding a strong 

 double, short frontal spine, I submitted them to him, and he writes 

 to this effect : 



These processes are found more or less in all the Nonagrias. 

 Guenee years ago called attention to these structures, but he (Dr. 

 Chapman) does not think that they have hitherto been pointed out 

 to British entomologists. More recently an article on the same 

 subject, Avith numerous rather poor figures, appeared in the " Ziet- 

 schrift.'' The apparatus in the present species consists of a double, 

 short frontal spine, obviously of use for forcing the prepared window 

 of plant epidermis with which the larva supplies the puparium. It 

 is somewhat notable that a structure which occurs so commonly in 

 the pupae of the Incomplete should here occur in the imago of one 

 of the Obtectae. 



Apameid^e. 



Miana bicoloria was as usual near the coast in absolute abundance 

 on every slope facing the sea, just at dusk, but not so apparent 

 by day. 



Caradrinid^. 



Caradrina ambigua ; the district produces this species, and I 

 have no doubt one's series could be made here. 



NOCTUID^. 



Agrotis 7'ipce ; the larvae of this species were common when 

 searched for under the Cheiwpodium plants, which were scattered 

 over those portions of the sand-hills out of reach of the highest tides. 

 The text-books give hound's-tongue as the only food-plant, but my 

 larvte feed readily on the Cheiiopodhwi, and there was certainly no 

 hound's-tongue on the Warren. These larvae are easily found. By 

 turning over the sand under and around the plants to the depth of 

 two or three inches, the green caterpillars, rolled in a ring, are ex- 

 posed. In a short time I had found three dozen. They are 

 arrant cannibals, and will feed readily on each other, especially 



