32 



cranidce, with the single exception of JVepticiila, which also 

 possessed them, and which I have also supposed to be derived 

 from some other Jugate, nearer to Aficropteryx than Eriocrania. 



On looking into the matter I find, however, that my observations 

 had all been made already and duly recorded in the Jena "Zoological 

 Year-book" in July, 1895, by Dr. Arnold Spuler, who has done so 

 much good work in researches on wing structures. He states that 

 these spicules are found in Adela, Incurvaria, Nemotois, Nemophora, 

 and the Nepticulidce. 



His paper gives no indication that he was aware of Professor 

 Kellogg's paper of the previous year, and he makes this statement in 

 no way as extending or correcting Professor Kellogg's observations, but 

 simply as recording an observed fact. 



I think that the occurrence of these spicules on the wings of 

 certain Lepidoptera will prove of some systematic value. I have 

 been unable to find them in Tinea, in the lowest Fsychidce, in 

 CochlididcB, or in any families that I have been used to regard as 

 low down, except the two lowest, the Ade/idce and the NepticiilidcE. 

 In the Adeiidce I have always believed the Prodoxidce to be in- 

 cluded, the definition of Adeiidce being Neo-Lepidoptera with 

 piercing ovipositors. We accordingly find these spicules also exist 

 in Prodoxus. 



Attention to this character (that of the ovipositor) might have 

 prevented Meyrick from placing Incurva?-ia cehlma/miel/a, and 

 Lampronia capitella in the genus Tinea. Those who are inclined to 

 follow him in this matter may perhaps hesitate on finding that they 

 have the spiculate structure of the wing membrane, which is not 

 found in Ti/iea. 



Phylloporia bistrigella also possesses these spicules, confirming 

 the position in^the Adeiidce which its habits and the structure of the 

 ovipositor forces one to assign to it, notwithstanding that it has 

 up to the present been associated with the very different true 

 Tineas. 



It is curious that species of the genus Adela, which is certainly 

 the highest of the group, are least favourable for observing these 

 spicules, and I think some species have actually got rid of them. 



In this paper of Spuler's to which I have alluded he describes a 

 certain area of the inner base of the anterior wing beneath, where 

 in a large majority of Lepidoptera these spicules persist and are 

 even more prominently developed. This area he calls the " Haft- 

 feld," holding area. I gather that this structure had been previously 

 noticed, but have been unable; to discover where. Nor do I find 

 any reference in his paper to the corresponding area of the meta- 

 thorax, and I fancy that the name " Haftfeld " refers to some 

 theory that it holds together the fore and hind wings ; but about 

 this I am by no means certain. 



We next come to a paper published in July, 1896, one year 

 later, in " Psyche," by Mr. R. A. Cooley, who does not appear to 



