2 74 APPENDIX. 
certain cervical vertebrae. These six lower jaws are by far 
the most important bones as regards the question of the 
nationality of the entire " find." If, indeed, these half 
dozen lower jaws had been brought to me with no other 
accompaniments and with no other information than that 
they had been all brought from one spot in Africa, I think 
I should have been justified in saying that they had 
belonged to no other known African race than the Khoi- 
Khoin, or its Central African representative, the Akka. For 
they all six alike show the following distinctive and emi- 
nently significant peculiarities — viz. lowness of coronoid 
process, smallness of absolute size, and all but complete 
obsolescence of chin. Upon this I have already com- 
mented in Bj'itish Barrozvs, pp. 706, note i, 707, 716, 
ibique citata, comparing these lower jaws with the jaws of 
certain other confessedly " priscan " races, w^iich differ 
from them in little but in being larger in size. It is, or 
should be, a commonplace among craniographers that, 
whilst the lower jaw is a more important bone for their 
purposes than any other single bone of the skeleton, and 
even than the pelvis itself, it is often more distinctive, 
if not more valuable, than at least the entire calvaria. 
Certainly this is the case with African skulls ; for though 
it is possible enough, as was long ago pointed out by 
Professor Owen (see Osteological Catalogue, Royal College of 
Surgeons of England, 5385, p. 838, 1853, and for a con- 
tradictory statement Retzius, ^///;/(7/. Schriften, 1864, p. 
149), and as has recently been reaffirmed by Dr. Hamy 
in Paris, to find brachycephalic skulls among those of un- 
doubted Negro races, and though, as I can aver from my 
knowledge of the collections in the Oxford University 
Museum, it is by no means always possible to distinguish 
either such brachycephalic Negro skulls, or certain other 
Negro skulls of the dolichocephalic type more usual amongst 
such skulls, from Bushman skulls of the respective propor- 
tions, both of which are represented in this latter series, 
it is within my knowledge always possible to do this if 
the skulls under comparison are in possession of the lower 
