ETHNOLOGY. 275 
jaws belonging to them. The Negro's lower jaw may or 
may not have the poorly-developed chin so constant in 
the lower jaws of the Bushman, and but rarely seen in the 
lower jaws of higher races ; it may or may not have its 
anterior teeth sloping forwards in correlation with a pro- 
gnathic upper jaw; it may or may not, I apprehend, though 
I have not met with such cases, be as a whole as small 
and feeble as the jaws of the Bushman have, with my 
knowledge, invariably been ; but it never has shown, so 
far as I know, the low coronoid process, the shallow sig- 
noid notch, and the wide ramus so very commonly, or 
indeed all but invariably, found amongst not only the 
Bushman but the Eskimo race. The existence of this 
peculiarity not only in these two races so widely separated 
in space, though so nearly on a level in certain linguistic 
as well as certain other points of degradation, but also in 
so many of the lower jaws of the earliest representatives 
of our species, gives it a great morphological importance; 
and this morphological importance is not a little enhanced 
when we consider a second fact, drawn from a wholly alien 
line of contemplation, that, namely, which shows us that 
teleological adaptation to special needs, or necessities rather, 
as to dealing with food, has nothing to do with it. The 
fact of six lower jaws all alike exhibiting this striking 
peculiarity, which may be shortly described by saying that 
it resembles the conformation seen in the Gibbon, whilst 
the larger anthropoid apes show the coronoid developed into 
a prominence which comes much more nearly into resem- 
blance with that usual in our own species, is to my mind 
very strong evidence to the effect that we have here six 
Bushman jaws before us. In all of these lower jaws we 
find the angle roughened and projecting outwards in cor- 
respondence with the insertion of fibres of the masseter, 
and thereby giving a greater width to the lower portion of 
the face ; whilst, internally, the surface below the inferior 
dental foramen is remarkably concave, owing in some 
cases to a general though slight inversion of the lower 
portion of the ramus, and in others to a thinning of tlie 
