2 78 APPENDIX. 
of Hottentot and Bushman crania, declares himself unable 
to detect any essential difference between such skulls and 
those of true Negroes. His great authority, therefore, 
should not be quoted to the disfavour of craniological 
evidence in this or any other similar question, inasmuch as 
he only speaks, and avowedly, from very scanty materials. 
If we begin our comparison of these two sets of 
crania by a reference to the great distinction pointed out 
by Retzius himself, of brachycephalic from dolichocephalic 
crania, we have in the first place to demur to the state- 
ment, " In Afrika, fehlt, so viel man bisher weiss, jedes 
Spur brachycephalischer Bevolkerung." Against it have 
to be set in the first place Professor Owen's words in the 
old Osteological Catalogjie 1853, p. 838, 5385, already 
referred to, and in the second. Professor Flower's measure- 
ments (as recorded in the new Catalogue of the Specimens 
illustrating the Osteology and Dentition of Vertebrated Aiii- 
mals, pt. i. 1879, p. 232, 1238), of the "articulated skeleton 
of a Negress, born in the United States of North America, 
and about 1 6 years of age," who was said, presumably by 
the donor, Professor L. J. Sanford of Yale College, " to 
have presented all the external characters indicating purity 
of race," the cephalic or latitudinal index of the crania 
belonging to this skeleton being no less than "81 1. But 
though this be so, there is no doubt, firstly, that the im- 
mense majority of Negro, and of Caffre and Abantu crania 
are dolichocephalic, and some such, for example as the 
Mozambique skull, casts of which were given by the late 
J. South, Esq., F.R.S., to many museums, exaggeratedly 
so ; and secondly that the cephalic index of the Bushman 
is considerably higher on the average than that of the 
Negro. One of my six Bushman crania (that named No. 
I, Mr. F. Oates, 788^), has a cephalic index of "81, being 
equal to that of the Negro girl just mentioned in the 
College of Surgeons' Museum ; and though one of the 
six has but "jo for its cephalic index, still the average of 
the six is as much as '75, and Professor Flower's six give 
us an average of 768 as against one of "731 for the cir- 
