ETHNOLOGY. 283 
Bushman, and, indeed, in so many other African crania, 
is correlated with the comparative feebleness, and conse- 
quent lightness, of their lower jaws, which renders it unne- 
cessary^ that the brain and brain case should be rotated 
backwards to counterbalance the facial skeleton and to 
maintain the visual axis in a horizontal or semihorizontal 
plane. 
I have appended to this paper the measurements 
given by Professor Flower, in his recently issued (1879) 
Catalogue, of the six Bushman crania in the College of Sur- 
geons' Museum, pp. 246, 247, and also the same measure- 
ments, as taken by myself, of the six Bushman crania in 
the Oxford University Museum. The very close corre- 
spondence of the two sets of measurements will strike any 
one who will compare the columns which give the averages 
of the two sets. The fact may be expressed in technical 
language by saying that both lists coincide pretty nearly 
in showing that, as Professor Flower has phrased it at p. 
255, I.e., the Bushman cranium is "mesaticephalic," "ortho- 
gnathous" (or, at least, mesognathous, my average being 
98, which is " mesognathous," as against Professor Flower's 
97"8, which is just below the limits of mesognathy), 
" platyrrhine," " microseme," and " microcephalic." 
By a comparison of my measurements, not with those of 
Professor Flower, but with my own records of the history 
of each skull, an even more surprising and more import- 
ant fact, in the way, however, not of coincidence but of 
the reverse, is brought to light. The most aberrant of the 
six in the matter of measurements is the very skull about 
the authenticity of which there is the most perfect certainty. 
This is the skull presented by Mr. Fairclough, with which 
were sent the articles specified above, as the characteristic 
of the Bushman race. But the skull itself is, in almost 
every important particular, different from the five other 
crania here measured with it. Its circumference and 
cubical capacity, its length, breadth, and height, and 
their indices, its orbital and nasal indices, are all alike 
^ See Cleland, Phil. Trans. 1870, p. 163. 
